Table 1.
Demographic Characteristics of the Study Cohort
| All Patients (n = 210) | LA contractile function ≥ median (n = 96) | LA contractile function < median (n = 114) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical Characteristics | ||||
| Age in years | 52 ± 16 | 52 ± 16 | 51 ± 15 | NS |
| Female Gender (%) | 87 (41) | 42 (44) | 45 (39) | NS |
| Resting Heart Rate | 71 ± 15 | 71 ± 15 | 71 ± 15 | NS |
| Hx. of Diabetes (%) | 71 (34) | 32 (33) | 39 (34) | NS |
| Hx. of Hypercholesterolemia (%) | 138 (65) | 60 (63) | 78 (68) | NS |
| Heavy Tobacco Use (%) | 56 (27) | 24 (25) | 32 (28) | NS |
| Hx of PAD (%) | 21 (10) | 6 (6) | 15 (13) | NS |
| Hx. of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (%) | 25 (12) | 12 (13) | 13 (11) | NS |
| Hx. of Cardiac Bypass Surgery (%) | 21 (10) | 6 (6) | 15 (13) | NS |
| Hx. of Angiographic Coronary Stenosis Before CMR (%) | 45 (21) | 22 (23) | 23 (20) | NS |
| Any Hx. of CAD before CMR (%) | 41 (20) | 17 (18) | 24 (21) | NS |
| Resting SBP | 145 ± 25 | 148 ± 25 | 142 ± 24 | NS |
| Resting DBP | 75 ± 13 | 76 ± 12 | 75 ± 15 | NS |
| Medication | ||||
| Beta-blocker (%) | 136 (65) | 55 (57) | 81 (71) | 0.04 |
| Calcium Blocker (%) | 52 (25) | 26 (27) | 26 (23) | NS |
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (%) | 103 (49) | 51 (53) | 52 (46) | NS |
| Aspirin (%) | 116 (55) | 51 (53) | 65 (57) | NS |
| Nitrates (%) | 23 (11) | 9 (9) | 14 (12) | NS |
| Digoxin (%) | 4 (2) | 1 (1) | 3 (3) | NS |
| Rest Electrocardiogram£ | ||||
| Left Atrial Enlargement on ECG (%) | 24 (11) | 13 (14) | 10 (9) | NS |
| Left Ventricular Hypertrophy on ECG | 17 (8) | 7 (7) | 10 (9) | NS |
| QRS duration (ms) | 100 ± 25 | 97 ± 20 | 102 ± 27 | NS |
| Left bundle branch block (%) | 19 (9) | 9 (9) | 10 (9) | NS |
| Right bundle branch block (%) | 16 (8) | 3 (3) | 13 (11) | 0.05 |
| QTc interval | 439 ± 39 | 433 ± 36 | 443 ± 40 | 0.09 |
| Significant Q-waves by Minnesota Code Criteria | 19 (9) | 12 (12) | 7 (6) | NS |
| CMR | ||||
| Ao root dimen (mm) | 28 ± 5 | 28 ± 4 | 28 ± 5 | NS |
| LVEF (%) | 58 ± 13 | 61 ± 10 | 55 ± 15 | <0.01 |
| LV mass (grams) | 142 ± 50 | 139 ± 50 | 145 ± 51 | NS |
| LVEDD (mm) | 54 ± 8 | 53 ± 8 | 55 ± 8 | NS |
| LVEDV index (ml/m2) | 164 ± 59 | 160 ± 54 | 167 ± 63 | NS |
| LVESV index (ml/m2) | 73 ± 50 | 65 ± 41 | 79 ± 57 | 0.04 |
| LA Volume index - end-systole (ml/m2) | 51 ± 20 | 45 ± 16 | 57 ± 21 | <0.0001 |
| LA Volume index - before atrial contraction (ml/m2) | 41 ± 18 | 72 ± 31 | 88 ± 38 | 0.001 |
| LA Volume index - end-diastole (ml/m2) | 30 ± 19 | 21 ± 9 | 39 ± 22 | <0.0001 |
| LAEFPassive (%) | 19 ± 12 | 20 ± 12 | 18 ± 12 | NS |
| LAEFContractile (%) | 32 ± 15 | 42 ± 7 | 21 ± 13 | <0.0001 |
| LAEFTotal (%) | 44 ± 16 | 54 ± 9 | 34 ± 15 | <0.0001 |
| Contractile/Passive Ratio | 3.8 ± 19 | 5.1 ± 25 | 2.4 ± 8 | <0.0001 |
| Contractile/Total Ratio | 0.57 ± 0.29 | 0.64 ± 0.18 | 0.50 ± 0.37 | <0.0001 |