Table 2.

Summary of literature of dysregulated innate immunity genes in cervical tissue. A systematic literature search for investigations into TLR and IFN expression in HPV-infected cervical tissue or cell lines was performed using the following search terms in the PubMed database: “Cervical” and “interferon gamma” (489 hits) or “interferon beta” (202 hits) or “interferon kappa” (3 hits) or “toll-like receptor” (59 hits). Acronyms IFN-γ, -β and -κ as well as TLR in combination with “cervical” were also tried. The listed citations are articles published up to 5 January 2011 which describe TLR and IFN gene regulation and dysregulation. Only articles published in English were considered, and only articles relevant for our study were included in the table.

Gene	Material			Sample type	Method	Group
	Normal	CIN	Carcinoma
	15	11	13	Full biopsy	qPCR	Pao et al. 1995 [28]
	4	12	N/S	Full biopsy, HeLa	qPCR, IHC	de Gruijl et al. 1999 [29]
	N/A	N/A	52	Full biopsy	qPCR, IHC	Gey et al. 2003 [30]
IFN-γ	10	N/A	29	Full biopsy	qPCR, IHC	Alcocer-González et al. 2006 [31]
	6	N/A	6	Cytobrush	cDNA array	Manavi et al. 2007 [31]
	150	198	N/A	Full biopsy	qPCR	Scott et al. 2009 [32]
	N/S	N/S	N/S	Full biopsy, LCM	qPCR	DeCarlo et al. 2008 [27]
	11	10	4	Full biopsy, LCM	qPCR	DeCarlo et al. 2010 [19]
	N/A	N/A	N/A	CK	cDNA array, qPCR	Nees et al. 2001 [33]
IFN-β	N/S	N/S	N/S	Full biopsy, LCM	qPCR	DeCarlo et al. 2008 [27]
	11	10	4	Full biopsy, LCM	qPCR	DeCarlo et al. 2010 [19]
	N/S	N/S	N/S	Full biopsy, LCM	qPCR	DeCarlo et al. 2008 [27]
IFN-κ	N/S	10	N/A	Full biopsy, PHFK	qPCR, IHC	Rincon-Orozco et al. 2009 [34]
	11	10	4	Full biopsy, LCM	qPCR	DeCarlo et al. 2010 [19]
	3	4	N/A	CK, PHK, SiHa, CaSki, HeLa, C33A	qPCR	Hasan et al. 2007 [25]
TLR1	12	N/A	N/A	CK, VK, ME180, HeLa	qPCR	Herbst-Kralovetz et al. 2008 [35]
	65	65	N/A	Cytobrush	qPCR	Daud et al. 2010 [24]
	3	4	N/A	CK, PHK, SiHa, CaSki, HeLa, C33A	qPCR	Hasan et al. 2007 [26]
TLR2	12	N/A	N/A	CK, VK, ME180, HeLa	qPCR	Herbst-Kralovetz et al. 2008 [35]
	65	65	N/A	Cytobrush	qPCR	Daud et al. 2010 [24]
	3	4	N/A	CK, PHK, SiHa, CaSki, HeLa, C33A	qPCR, IF	Hasan et al. 2007 [26]
TLR3	12	N/A	N/A	CK, VK, ME180, HeLa	qPCR	Herbst-Kralovetz et al. 2008 [35]
	65	65	N/A	Cytobrush	qPCR	Daud et al. 2010 [24]
	3	4	N/A	CK, PHK, SiHa, CaSki, HeLa, C33A	qPCR	Hasan et al. 2007 [26]
TLR4	12	N/A	N/A	CK, VK, ME180, HeLa	qPCR	Herbst-Kralovetz et al. 2008 [35]
	20	125	49	Full biopsy	qPCR, IHC	Yu et al. 2010 [25]
	3	4	N/A	CK, PHK, SiHa, CaSki, HeLa, C33A	qPCR	Hasan et al. 2007 [19]
TLR5	12	N/A	N/A	CK, VK, ME180, HeLa	qPCR	Herbst-Kralovetz et al. 2008 [35]
	9	22	24	Full biopsy	qPCR	Kim et al. 2008 [36]
	3	4	N/A	CK, PHK, SiHa, CaSki, HeLa, C33A	qPCR	Hasan et al. 2007 [26]
TLR6	12	N/A	N/A	CK, VK, ME180, HeLa	qPCR	Herbst-Kralovetz et al. 2008 [35]
	65	65	N/A	Cytobrush	qPCR	Daud et al. 2010 [24]
	3	4	N/A	CK, PHK, SiHa, CaSki, HeLa, C33A	qPCR	Hasan et al. 2007 [26]
TLR7	12	N/A	N/A	CK, VK, ME180, HeLa	qPCR	Herbst-Kralovetz et al. 2008 [35]
	65	65	N/A	Cytobrush	qPCR	Daud et al. 2010 [24]
	3	4	N/A	CK, PHK, SiHa, CaSki, HeLa, C33A	qPCR	Hasan et al. 2007 [19]
TLR8	12	N/A	N/A	CK, VK, ME180, HeLa	qPCR	Herbst-Kralovetz et al. 2008 [35]
	65	65	N/A	Cytobrush	qPCR	Daud et al. 2010 [24]
	3	4	N/A	Full biopsy, CK, PHK, SiHa, CaSki, HeLa, C33A	qPCR, IF, IHC	Hasan et al. 2007 [26]
	9	22	24	Full biopsy	qPCR	Lee et al. 2007 [37]
TLR9	12	N/A	N/A	CK, VK, ME180, HeLa	qPCR	Herbst-Kralovetz et al. 2008 [35]
	65	65	N/A	Cytobrush	qPCR	Daud et al. 2010 [24]
	20	125	49	Full biopsy	qPCR, IHC	Yu et al. 2010 [25]

CIN, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia; CK, in vitro cervical keratinocytes; IF, immunofluorescence; IHC, immunohistochemistry; LCM, laser capture microdissection; N/A, not applicable; N/S, not stated; PHFK, primary human foreskin keratinocytes; PHK, primary human keratinocytes, anatomical origin not specified; qPCR, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction; VK, vaginal keratinocytes.