Table 1.
Demographic characteristics, pregnancy behaviors, pregnancy history by alcohol intake and multinutrient use
| Total sample n = 800 |
Low/moderate alcohol intake n = 308 n (%) |
P valuea | Multinutrient use n = 573 n (%) |
P valueb | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristics | |||||
| Maternal age 36+ | 135 | 64 (47) | 0.020 | 107 (79) | 0.031 |
| Maternal age <36 | 665 | 244 (37) | 466 (70) | ||
| Marital status | |||||
| Single | 62 | 31 (50) | 0.054 | 43 (69) | 0.222 |
| Married/partner | 737 | 277 (38) | 529 (72) | ||
| Race | |||||
| Black | 57 | 21 (37) | <0.001 | 36 (63) | <0.001 |
| Asian | 232 | 43 (19) | 144 (62) | ||
| White/Hispanic/other | 511 | 244 (48) | 393 (77) | ||
| Income | |||||
| <$35 k | 214 | 62 (29) | <0.001 | 132 (62) | <0.001 |
| $35 K–$59 K | 251 | 85 (34) | 182 (73) | ||
| $60 k+ | 293 | 148 (51) | 237 (81) | ||
| Non-responders | 42 | 13 (31) | 22 (52) | ||
| Education | |||||
| ≤ Some college/technical school | 449 | 142 (32) | <0.001 | 298 (67) | <0.001 |
| College graduate + | 349 | 165 (47) | 273 (78) | ||
| Pregnancy behaviors | |||||
| Illicit drug use | |||||
| Used drugs | 39 | 27 (69) | 0.029 | 22 (56) | 0.031 |
| Did not use drugs | 761 | 281 (37) | 551 (72) | ||
| Smoking status | |||||
| Smoked | 85 | 42 (49) | 0.029 | 60 (71) | 0.823 |
| Did not smoke | 715 | 266 (37) | 513 (72) | ||
| Exercise status | |||||
| Exercised regularly | 234 | 116 (50) | <0.001 | 186 (79) | <0.01 |
| Did not exercise regularly | 564 | 191 (34) | 386 (68) | ||
| Caffeine consumption | |||||
| Caffeine intake | 586 | 249 (42) | <0.001 | 418 (71) | 0.76 |
| No caffeine intake | 214 | 59 (28) | 155 (72) | ||
| Pregnancy intention | |||||
| Did not plan this pregnancy | 267 | 115 (43) | 0.06 | 174 (65) | 0.004 |
| Planned this pregnancy | 533 | 193 (36) | 399 (75) | ||
| Body mass index | |||||
| Underweight/normal | 536 | 211 (39) | 0.433 | 386 (69) | 0.916 |
| Overweight/obese | 239 | 87 (36) | 173 (72) | ||
| Previous pregnancy history | |||||
| Previous preterm birth | |||||
| Yes | 36 | 12 (33) | 0.514 | 25 (69) | 0.766 |
| No | 764 | 296 (39) | 548 (72) | ||
| Previous low birth weight birth | |||||
| Yes | 30 | 27 (23) | 0.082 | 21 (70) | 0.841 |
| No | 770 | 301 (39) | 552 (72) | ||
| Previous preterm birth/or low birth weight birth | |||||
| Yes | 50 | 15 (30) | 0.202 | 34 (68) | 0.557 |
| No | 750 | 293 (39) | 539 (72) | ||
| Alcohol consumption | |||||
| Low/moderate intake (<4 drinks/week) | 308 | NA | 242 (79) | 0.001 | |
| No alcohol intake | 492 | NA | 331 (67) | ||
| Multinutrient supplements | |||||
| Multinutrient non-user | 227 | 66 (29) | <0.001 | NA | |
| Multinutrient user | 573 | 242 (42) | NA | ||
a P value comparison for low/moderate alcohol intake versus no alcohol intake
b P value comparison for multinutrient use versus non-use