(A) Representative bands of total and phosphorylated Akt and p38 MAPK detection by Western blot in cultured neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes incubated with noradrenaline (NA) alone, or upon co-incubation with moxonidine at 10−7 and 10−5 mol·L−1, without and with I1-receptor antagonist, AGN 192403 (AGN) at 10−5 mol·L−1. (B) Bargraph represents ratios of phospho-Akt to total Akt and phospho-p38 to total p38, compared with GAPDH (loading control) and presented as per cent corresponding untreated cells. n = 10–12 wells per treatment from three independent cultures. †P < 0.01 versus Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) + fetal bovine serum (FBS), 0.1%; ‡P < 0.05 versus NA; &P < 0.05 versus corresponding NA + moxonidine.