Figure 1.

Effects of kaempferol on the survival of BV2 cells. (A) The chemical structure of kaempferol. (B) Cells were treated with 10–100 µM of kaempferol for 24 h, and cell viability was determined by MTT assay. Cells were treated with different concentrations of kaempferol (10–100 µM) for 1 h followed by LPS (1.0 µg·mL⁻¹) treatment for 24 h. Cell viability was assessed by the MTT assay (C) and neutral red assay (D). Effects of LPS and kaempferol + LPS on BV2 cell morphology stained with neutral red (E). Morphological studies were conducted by phase-contrast microscopy. The data are represented as means ± SD of three independent experiments. Con, untreated control; Kae, kaempferol.