Figure 12.

Involvement of kaempferol, MAPKs and AKT in LPS-induced NO, PGE₂ production and expression of iNOS in BV2 cells. Cells were pre-incubated with kaempferol, SB203580 (a selective p38 inhibitor), SP600125 (a selective JNK inhibitor) for 1 h and LY294002 (PI3K/AKT inhibitor) for 30 min, then cells were exposed to LPS for 24 h. (A) The concentration of nitrite in culture medium was monitored by Griess reaction. (B) Levels of PGE₂ in the culture medium were determined by EIA analysis. (C) Expression of iNOS was determined by Western blot analysis. Actin was used as an internal loading control. Results are expressed as mean ± SD of three independent experiments. ##P < 0.01, compared with control group. **P < 0.01, compared with LPS treated alone. Con, control; Kae, kaempferol.