Table 2.

Factors Associated with PMS, Univariate Analysis^a

	PMS				Severe PMS
Sociodemographic, physiological, hormonal factors	PMS n	No PMS n	% with PMS	p value	PMS n	No PMS n	% with severe PMS	p value
Total	404	2623	12.2		127	2900	4.1
Age, years
≤30	65	575	8.8	0.08	17	623	2.7	0.37
30–40	180	1099	13.8		53	1226	4.8
≥40	159	949	13.7		57	1051	4.7
Ever been pregnant
No	51	439	9.9	0.16	11	479	2.7	0.26
Yes	353	2184	13.2		116	2421	4.7
Employment
Working	297	2176	11.3	0.11	91	2382	3.9	0.47
Student/homemaker/retired	68	292	15.6		27	333	5.7
Unemployed	39	154	17.0		9	184	3.4
Education
No diploma	61	295	15.8	0.29	20	336	6.2	0.36
CAP/BEP	118	661	11.9		37	742	3.0
Bac/Bac+2	138	984	11.2		42	1080	3.7
>Bac+2	87	683	10.9		28	742	4.0
Living situation
Married	231	1493	13.2	0.65	69	1655	3.9	0.94
Cohabitating	88	577	11.2		29	636	4.5
Single	85	553	11.5		29	609	4.2
BMI
<18.5	21	210	6.1	0.06	4	227	0.8	0.14
≥18.5 to <30	355	2240	12.6		114	2481	4.4
≥30	27	167	15.3		9	185	4.4
Stressful event in the past year
No	194	1774	9.4	<0.001	59	1909	3.1	0.001
Yes	210	948	17.7		68	991	6.2
Contraception
Nonhormonal methodb	250	1174	16.5	0.003	85	1339	6.1	0.02
Progestin-only methodc	46	440	8.7		16	470	2.8
Combined
Estrogen/progestin	105	982	8.8		24	1063	2.3
Menstrual characteristics
Age at menarche
<11	21	101	20.3	0.18	10	112	11.5	0.05
≥11	379	2469	12.0		116	2732	3.8
Regular periods
No	81	537	14.0	0.35	24	594	6.4	0.06
Yes	323	2086	11.8		103	2306	3.6
Periods lasting >1 week
No	328	2404	10.8	<0.001	92	2640	3.1	<0.001
Yes	76	219	24.0		35	260	12.3
Dysmenorrhea
No	245	2180	8.6	<0.001	65	2360	2.4	<0.001
Yes	159	443	25.6		62	540	10.2
Menorrhagia
No	256	1990	10.1	<0.001	77	2169	2.8	0.003
Yes	148	633	19.0		50	731	8.1

^aAnalysis was performed on the combined dataset of observations (2003–2004), using a cluster effect to take into account the intrawoman correlation.

^bCopper IUD/barrier/traditional, or no method.

^cMirena IUD, progestin-only pill, implant.