TABLE 1.
Deletion of Bhmt results in altered choline metabolites in various tissues
Tissues were harvested from 5-week-old Bhmt+/+ and Bhmt−/− mice. Choline metabolites were extracted and quantified by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-isotope dilution mass spectrometry. Data are presented as mean ± S.E., n = 5–10 animals/group.
| Betaine | Choline | GPCho | PCho | PtdCho | Sphingomyelin | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liver | ||||||
| Bhmt+/+ | 1,321 ± 254 | 154 ± 36 | 1,730 ± 554 | 294 ± 67 | 15,897 ± 1,200 | 1,018 ± 131 |
| Bhmt−/− | 27,314 ± 2,001a | 28 ± 8b | 266 ± 38b | 81 ± 7b | 11,686 ± 305b | 838 ± 37 |
| Kidney | ||||||
| Bhmt+/+ | 1,151 ± 91 | 779 ± 60 | 15,608 ± 1,475 | 853 ± 37 | 16,088 ± 1,025 | 3,373 ± 277 |
| Bhmt−/− | 5,424 ± 505a | 481 ± 48b | 10,948 ± 672c | 792 ± 41 | 12,707 ± 304c | 2,685 ± 74c |
| Heart | ||||||
| Bhmt+/+ | 77 ± 11 | 84 ± 12 | 164 ± 7 | 199 ± 12 | 11,111 ± 535 | 879 ± 50 |
| Bhmt−/− | 1,070 ± 131a | 49 ± 6c | 88 ± 10a | 151 ± 14c | 8,381 ± 455b | 583 ± 44a |
| Brain | ||||||
| Bhmt+/+ | 22 ± 2 | 183 ± 26 | 1,208 ± 52 | 579 ± 33 | 22,856 ± 1,147 | 2,191 ± 149 |
| Bhmt−/− | 100 ± 10a | 174 ± 15 | 1,120 ± 57 | 502 ± 9 | 21,020 ± 271 | 1,834 ± 52 |
| Muscle | ||||||
| Bhmt+/+ | 44 ± 3 | 67 ± 15 | 67 ± 4 | 51 ± 6 | 7,893 ± 655 | 411 ± 15 |
| Bhmt−/− | 529 ± 36a | 28 ± 3c | 58 ± 6 | 18 ± 3a | 5,942 ± 238c | 390 ± 13 |
| Adipose | ||||||
| Bhmt+/+ | 142 ± 25 | 73 ± 12 | 802 ± 223 | 90 ± 6 | 2,500 ± 217 | 156 ± 14 |
| Bhmt−/− | 284 ± 18a | 34 ± 5b | 246 ± 79c | 29 ± 7c | 2,288 ± 271 | 144 ± 18 |
| Lung | ||||||
| Bhmt+/+ | 206 ± 17 | 198 ± 24 | 3,586 ± 348 | 551 ± 26 | 14,693 ± 344 | 2,389 ± 65 |
| Bhmt−/− | 2,237 ± 123a | 188 ± 23 | 2,063 ± 82a | 465 ± 42 | 14,437 ± 192 | 2,387 ± 47 |
| Plasma | ||||||
| Bhmt+/+ | 48 ± 3 | 20 ± 4 | NDd | ND | 1,590 ± 81 | 145 ± 10 |
| Bhmt−/− | 772 ± 173a | 13 ± 2 | ND | ND | 1,098 ± 71a | 114 ± 77 |
| Testis | ||||||
| Bhmt+/+ | 2,014 ± 312 | 298 ± 51 | 809 ± 26 | 3,831 ± 270 | 5,760 ± 387 | 886 ± 74 |
| Bhmt−/− | 2,018 ± 111 | 241 ± 10 | 565 ± 47 | 3,706 ± 234 | 5,942 ± 233 | 954 ± 38 |
a p < 0.001 different from Bhmt+/+ by Student's t test. Concentrations are expressed as nmol/g, except for plasma, which is nmol/ml.
b p < 0.01, different from Bhmt+/+ by Students' t test. Concentrations are expressed as nmol/g, except for plasma, which is nmol/ml.
c p < 0.05, different from Bhmt+/+ by Students' t test. Concentrations are expressed as nmol/g, except for plasma, which is nmol/ml.
d ND, not detected.