Depiction of the mammalian WNV-sensing innate mechanisms mediated by pattern-recognition receptors (TLR3, TRL7, RIG-I, MDA-5 and C-type lectine receptors) along with their corresponding adaptor molecules. Cell type specific pattern recognition receptors and adaptors have been implicated in WNV immunopathogenesis and are shown with the main innate responses they modulate according to the current available data. The cell types in which each pattern-recognition receptor have been shown to play a significant role are listed in red. TLRs, Toll-like receptors; CLRs, C-type lectin receptors.