A, Confocal images of Arabidopsis leaves expressing CJD1-GFP indicate that the fusion protein is targeted to chloroplasts. B, Immunoblotting of fractionated chloroplasts (membrane, P; soluble, S) probed with anti-GFP, anti-HSP70 and anti-HSP93. WT, untransformed wild-type plants; CJD1-GFP, transgenic lines expressing CJD1-GFP. C, Chloroplast import experiments with radiolabeled recombinant CJD1, CJD1-GFP, ARC6 and rubisco small subunit (SS). Chloroplasts were isolated following treatment with (+Tr) or without Trypsin (−Tr) and fractionated into membrane (p) and soluble fractions (s). TP, translation product; MW, molecular weight; m, mature protein; pr, precursor protein. D, Predicted CJD1 topology based on import assay results, published proteomics studies [28]–[30] and the location of putative transmembrane domains. OEM, chloroplast outer membrane; IEM, chloroplast inner membrane; IMS, chloroplast intermembrane space; Stroma, chloroplast stroma; JL, J-like domain.