Figure 5. Diurnal rhythms and OS elicitation of Phe and Tyr and their related genes in different tissues.

(A) Schematic overview of Phenylalanine (Phe) and Tyrosine (Tyr) metabolism. CM, chorismate mutase; ADT, arogenate dehydratase; PAL, phenylalanine ammonia lyase; C4H, cinnamate 4-hydroxylase; 4CL, 4-coumarate-coa ligase; TyrA, arogenate dehydrogenase; THT, tyramine N-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase; SAMDC, S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase; SPDS, spemidine synthase. (B) Diurnal expression of genes encoding Phe or Tyr metabolism enzymes in source leaves. Gray box depicts the dark period. Ratio to average: Ratio of transcript abundance at the time point shown, to the mean abundance of the same transcript across all time points. Mean (±SE) levels of normalized intensity of Phe (C; m/z 164.07 at 192 s, C₉H₁₀NO₂ ⁻) and Tyr (G; m/z 180.07 at 144 s, C₉H₁₀NO₃ ⁻) in treated leaves, untreated leaves and roots at each harvest time for two days (gray dashed lines) in control plants. After W+W (dashed lines with colors) or W+OS (solid lines with colors) treatments, Phe (C) and Tyr (G) levels were quantified in treated leaves (red), untreated systemic leaves (blue) and roots (green). Effects of W+W and W+OS treatments on relative transcript abundance (±SE) of genes related Phe (D–F) and Tyr (H–J) metabolism. Gray box depicts the dark period. Different symbols (* and #) indicate significant differences among the treatments at the indicated time point (P<0.05, one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test).