FIG. 6.

P2 purinergic receptor antagonists increase apoptosis in the OE in vivo. Mice intranasally aspirated vehicle (saline) or P2 antagonists PPADS (50 nmol/kg) and suramin (200 nmol/kg), followed by vehicle (saline) or ATP (400 nmol/kg) 30 min later. The levels of apoptosis were measured by TUNEL 48 h after ATP administration. (A–D) Representative TUNEL staining for each group is shown. Dotted white line depicts the basement membrane. Scale bar = 20 μm. (E) Quantification of TUNEL⁺ staining in ectoturbinate 2 and endoturbinate II (n = 9–12 sections from 3 to 4 mice). *p < 0.001 versus vehicle (two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni's post hoc test).