Table 2.
Clinical characteristics of patients with invasive fungal sinusitis.
| Sinusitis | EORTC/MSG-NIAID IFS | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (n = 110) | IFS (n = 46) |
Non-IFS (n = 64) |
P | Proven (n = 25) |
Probable (n = 5) | Possible (n = 16) |
Non-IFS (n = 64) |
P | |
| Age | |||||||||
| < 60 years | 86 | 34 | 52 | 0.48 | 19 | 5 | 10 | 52 | 0.25 |
| ≥ 60 years | 24 | 12 | 12 | 6 | 0 | 6 | 12 | ||
| Gender | |||||||||
| Male | 66 | 27 | 39 | 0.85 | 15 | 3 | 9 | 39 | 0.99 |
| Female | 44 | 19 | 25 | 10 | 2 | 7 | 25 | ||
| Hematological diagnosis | < 0.001 | 0.004 | |||||||
| Acute myeloid leukemia | 56 | 33 | 23 | 16 | 4 | 13 | 23 | ||
| Acute lymphoblastic leukemia | 16 | 6 | 10 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 10 | ||
| Lymphoma/myeloma | 20 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | ||
| SAA/MDS | 9 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 5 | ||
| Others* | 9 | 3 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 | ||
| Disease status | 0.24 | 0.38 | |||||||
| Fresh diagnosis/remission | 44 | 15 | 29 | 10 | 1 | 4 | 29 | ||
| Refractory/relapsed | 66 | 31 | 35 | 15 | 4 | 12 | 35 | ||
| Underlying diabetes mellitus | 0.45 | 0.68 | |||||||
| Yes | 7 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | ||
| No | 103 | 42 | 61 | 22 | 5 | 15 | 61 | ||
| Chemotherapy intensity** | 0.21 | 0.045 | |||||||
| Supportive treatment | 34 | 11 | 23 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 23 | ||
| Low dose chemotherapy | 13 | 8 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 5 | ||
| Standard dose chemotherapy | 47 | 22 | 25 | 16 | 0 | 6 | 25 | ||
| High dose chemotherapy | 16 | 5 | 11 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 11 | ||
| Absolute neutrophil count | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||||||
| < 500 mm3 < 10 days | 55 | 7 | 48 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 48 | ||
| < 500 mm3 ≥ 10 days | 55 | 39 | 16 | 23 | 4 | 12 | 16 | ||
| Allogeneic transplantation | 0.07 | 0.013 | |||||||
| Yes | 24 | 6 | 18 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 18 | ||
| No | 86 | 40 | 46 | 23 | 2 | 15 | 46 | ||
| FESS debridement | 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||||||
| Yes | 18 | 14 | 4 | 12 | 0 | 2 | 4 | ||
| No | 92 | 36 | 56 | 20 | 1 | 15 | 56 | ||
| Pre-emptive antifungal agent | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||||||
| Amphotericin B/ambisome | 28 | 12 | 14 | 4 | 10 | 12 | |||
| Caspofungin | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |||
| Voriconazole | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Amphotericin B and caspofungin | 4 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |||
| Amphotericin B and voriconazole | 9 | 1 | 6 | 0 | 3 | 1 | |||
| Outcome (6 weeks survival) | 0.001 | 0.001 | |||||||
| Death | 27 | 19 | 8 | 7 | 3 | 9 1110 |
8 | ||
| Alive | 83 | 27 | 56 | 18 | 2 | 7 | 56 | ||
Abbreviation: IFS, invasive fungal sinusitis; SAA, severe aplastic anemia; MDS, myelodysplastic syndrome, FESS: functional endoscopic sinus surgery.
*Others including: chronic myeloid leukemia (2), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (3), T-large granular lymphocyte leukemia (1), myelofibrosis (2), pure red cell aplasia status post transplantation (1)
**High dose chemotherapy includes high dose cytarabine chemotherapy and conditioning therapy before myeloablative transplantation.