Table 2.

Critical appraisal of included studies

Study	Sample size	Like-for-like test and control tissues used	Data QC procedures detailed	Correction for multiple testing	Effect size criterion applied	Raw data provided
Lee et al. (13)	20	✓	✗	FDR < 0.05	Fold change ≥ 1.5	✗
van Gassen et al. (11)	12	✓	✓	Family-wise error correction < 0.05	✗	✓
Arion et al. (17)	12	✓	✓	FDR = 0.057	Fold change ≥ 1.2	✗
Jamali et al. (20)	10	✗a	✓	n.a.a	Fold change ≥ 2.56	✗
Xi et al. (14)	60	✓	✗	✗b	Fold change ≥ 2	✗
Ozbas-Gerceker et al. (15)	7	✓c	✗	✗	✗	✓
Xiao et al. (16)	60	✗	✗	✗	Fold change ≥ 2	✗
Becker et al. (18)	10	✗	✓	✗	Fold change ≥ 1.5	✗
Becker et al. (19)	6	✓	✗	✗b	✗b	✗

^aIn the study by Jamali et al. (20), tissue from the entorhinal cortex (test) was compared with tissue from the lateral temporal neocortex (control). However, genes were only considered regulated in the epileptic focus if quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction confirmed no significant difference in expression between the entorhinal cortex and the lateral temporal neocortex of non-epileptic autopsy brain samples. The statistical test employed was the ‘z-score’.

^bDid not specify what, if any, statistical test used.

^cAutopsy control used.