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. 2011 Sep 30;108(39):663–668. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2011.0663

Table 2. Minimal requirements for a publication reporting a randomized controlled trial (adapted from [23]).

Study design Description of study design (e.g., parallel group comparison)
Study population Specification of inclusion and exclusion criteria for patients
Treatments Detailed account of treatments and their application in each intervention group and control group
Objectives Precise formulation of primary and secondary objectives/study questions
Endpoints Clear definition of primary and secondary endpoints
Sample size Description of how the required number of study participants was determined
Randomization Description of type of randomization of patients to treatment groups (e.g., stratified randomization)
Blinding Specification of degree of blinding (e.g., double blind)
Analysis population Number of patients analyzed in each treatment group and definition of population for analysis (e.g., ITT)
Results Presentation of the results for all primary and secondary endpoints for each treatment group
Adverse events Details of all major adverse events for each treatment group
Interpretation Interpretation of the results, taking into account the study question, possible causes of bias, the current state of knowledge, and other researchers’ publications on the same topic
Generalizability Discussion of the applicability of the study results to general patient care