Fig. 3.

A: Doppler-derived pressure gradient was not different between genotypes (n = 10 in each group). B: validation of echo Doppler measurement of transaortic gradient compared with the double cannulation method in a separate group of mice with a wide variation in TAC gradients (see materials and methods for details, n = 12). C: left ventricular fractional shortening was also not different between genotypes and was unchanged between TAC and sham-operated controls, demonstrating the absence of heart failure in this model. D: left ventricular dimensions (d, diastole; s, systole) comparing sham vs. TAC for each genotype. *P < 0.05, TAC vs. sham.