Fig. 5.

Spontaneous Ca²⁺ waves during rhythmic pacing in cultured heart failure (HF) myocytes expressing HRC^S96A. A: typical line-scan images and corresponding time courses of Ca²⁺ transients from Ad.GFP, Ad.HRC^WT, or Ad.HRC^S96A infected normal or HF myocytes, which were subjected to 1-Hz field stimulation in the presence of 1 μM isoproterenol. B: analysis of spontaneous Ca²⁺ wave frequency in HF cells. n = 18–30 cells for each group. *P < 0.05, compared with GFP.