Table 1. Characteristics of DNA Methylation Groups.† .
| Group 1 | Group 2 | ||||
| 186 tissues/160 patients | 131 tissues/120 patients | p-value1§ | Adjusted p-value2* | ||
| Mean GATA5 DNA methylation (SD) | 286.9 (235.6) | 22.0 (23.1) | |||
| Subject Characteristics (% of tissues) | |||||
| Sex | Male | 161/137 (86.6%) | 93/86 (71.0%) | 0.003 | 0.03** |
| Race | White | 141/116 (75.8%) | 83/74 (63.4%) | 0.03 | 0.90 |
| Mean age at diagnosis (in years) (SD) | 61.3 (8.6) | 60.2 (10.9) | 0.35 | 0.79 | |
| Mean BMI at diagnosis (in kg/m2) (SD) | 27.7 (5.2) | 25.8 (6.0) | 0.045 | 0.06 | |
| Missing (count) | 7/7 | 15/13 | |||
| Smoking status | 0.003 | 0.07 | |||
| Never | 41/37 (22.0%) | 51/45 (38.9%) | |||
| Ever | 145/123 (78.0%) | 80/75 (61.1%) | |||
| Former smokers | 95/81 (51.1%) | 38/36 (29.0%) | |||
| Current smokers | 50/42 (26.9%) | 42/39 (32.1%) | |||
| Mean number of cigarettes per day (SD) | 43.3 (33.5) | 53.3 (38.8) | 0.03 | 0.14 | |
| Total fat (in gram/1000 kcal) | 43.1 (7.7) | 40.4 (9.1) | 0.01 | 0.26 | |
| Presence of symptoms: sour stomach, gas pain, heartburn, and swallow symptoms | 0.01 | 0.07 | |||
| None | 85/74 (48.0%) | 77/70 (62.1%) | |||
| One | 30/24 (17.0%) | 21/19 (16.9%) | |||
| Two | 44/37 (24.9%) | 13/13 (10.5%) | |||
| Three or four | 18/17 (10.2%) | 13/12 (10.5%) | |||
| Missing (count) | 9/8 | 7/6 | |||
| Tumor Characteristics (% of tissues) | |||||
| Tumor site/subtype | 0.0003 | 0.003*** | |||
| Esophageal Adenocarcinoma | 73/60 (39.3%) | 29/29 (22.1%) | |||
| Gastric Cardia Adenocarcinoma | 74/61 (39.8%) | 47/38 (35.9%) | |||
| Distal Gastric Adenocarcinoma | 39/39 (21.0%) | 55/53 (42.0%) | |||
| Tumor stage | 0.18 | 0.28 | |||
| 1) In situ or localized | 38/35 (20.4%) | 22/20 (16.8%) | |||
| 2) Regional, direct extension or lymph nodes only | 32/24 (17.2%) | 20/18 (15.3%) | |||
| 3) Regional, direct extension & lymph nodes | 62/53 (33.3%) | 34/30 (26.0%) | |||
| 4) Distant metastases or unstageable | 54/48 (29.0%) | 55/52 (42.0%) | |||
| Mean tumor size (mm) (SD) | 50.2 (22.5) | 52.8 (28.5) | 0.51 | 0.66 | |
| Size unknown (count) | 58/53 | 41/41 | |||
| Tumor differentiation | 0.20 | 0.23 | |||
| Well or Moderately differentiated | 50/39 (26.9%) | 34/32 (25.9%) | |||
| Poorly differentiated | 123/108 (66.1%) | 79/70 (60.3%) | |||
| Undifferentiated | 8/8 (4.3%) | 7/7 (5.3%) | |||
| Differentiation unknown | 5/5 (2.7%) | 11/11 (8.4%) | |||
†Except for those specified, the information in this table means Count of Tissue Samples/Count of Subjects (% tissues) or Mean (SD).
§p-value1 was computed using GEE and no adjustment variables.
*p-value2 was calculated using GEE after adjusting for tumor site and sex.
**p-value was calculated for the sex variable using GEE after adjusting for tumor site.
***p-value was calculated for the tumor site variable using GEE after adjusting for sex.