Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2011 Oct 20;7(10):e1002221. doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002221

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

Namikawa et al.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.

PMC Copyright notice

The higher-level, middle-level, and lower-level networks consist of neural units in which the activations are characterized by large (), moderate (), and small () time constants, respectively. The visuo-proprioceptive input for each time reaches the middle- and lower-level networks, and the middle level relays the input to the higher level. The lower-level network contains a set of modular networks generating motor commands, which, in turn, are forwarded to the gate. The gate, which prevents undesired motor commands from being released, is controlled by the middle-level network. Since the supplementary motor area (SMA) has been reported to trigger the movement by suppressing the inhibitory signal exerted on the primary motor cortex [61], the middle-level and lower-level networks may correspond to the SMA and the primary motor cortex, respectively. The higher-level network may correspond to the prefrontal cortex (PFC), which projects to the SMA [62].

Inline graphic — The higher-level, middle-level, and lower-level networks consist of neural units in which the activations are characterized by large (), moderate (), and small () time constants, respectively. The visuo-proprioceptive input for each time reaches the middle- and lower-level networks, and the middle level relays the input to the higher level. The lower-level network contains a set of modular networks generating motor commands, which, in turn, are forwarded to the gate. The gate, which prevents undesired motor commands from being released, is controlled by the middle-level network. Since the supplementary motor area (SMA) has been reported to trigger the movement by suppressing the inhibitory signal exerted on the primary motor cortex [61], the middle-level and lower-level networks may correspond to the SMA and the primary motor cortex, respectively. The higher-level network may correspond to the prefrontal cortex (PFC), which projects to the SMA [62].