Table 8. Risk of death from cardiovascular disease among men and women aged 20–79 yearsa; associations with body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio mutually adjusted.
| Men | Women | ||||||
| Anthropometric measures | No. of persons | No. of deaths | Adjustedb HR (95% CI) | No. of persons | No. of deaths | Adjustedb HR (95% CI) | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | |||||||
| 18.5–24.9 | 9,575 | 300 | 1.00 (Reference) | 13,895 | 230 | 1.00 (Reference) | |
| 25.0–29.9 | 13,138 | 492 | 0.91 (0.78–1.07) | 10,947 | 308 | 0.81 (0.68–0.97) | |
| 30.0–34.9 | 3,154 | 175 | 1.08 (0.87–1.34) | 3,961 | 181 | 0.88 (0.71–1.08) | |
| ≥35.0 | 490 | 28 | 1.23 (0.81–1.86) | 1,393 | 74 | 1.07 (0.81–1.42) | |
| per SD (M: 3.4, W: 4.5) | 26,357 | 995 | 1.01 (0.94–1.09) | 30,196 | 793 | 1.00 (0.93–1.08) | |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | |||||||
| Men | Women | ||||||
| <0.85 | <0.74 | 5,286 | 75 | 1.14 (0.85–1.53) | 6,040 | 46 | 0.82 (0.55–1.21) |
| 0.86–0.87 | 0.74–0.77 | 5,219 | 97 | 1.00 (Reference) | 6,011 | 83 | 1.00 (Reference) |
| 0.88–0.89 | 0.78–0.79 | 5,360 | 167 | 1.25 (0.96–1.62) | 5,988 | 134 | 1.15 (0.87–1.51) |
| 0.90–0.93 | 0.80–0.83 | 5,264 | 233 | 1.35 (1.07–1.70) | 6,125 | 189 | 1.11 (0.88–1.40) |
| ≥0.94 | ≥0.84 | 5,228 | 423 | 1.64 (1.30–2.07) | 6,032 | 341 | 1.59 (1.27–2.00) |
| per SD (both sexes: 0.06) | 26,357 | 995 | 1.22 (1.14–1.31) | 30,196 | 793 | 1.27 (1.18–1.36) | |
Abbreviations: HR = hazard ratio, CI = confidence interval, SD = standard deviation.
a
Persons with body mass index <18.5 kg/m2 were excluded from all analyses.
b
Adjusted for age (in the time scale), smoking (never, former, current, unknown), physical activity per week (no, <3 hours light, ≥3 hours light or <1 hour hard, ≥1 hour hard, unknown), and either body mass index or waist-to-hip ratio.