Table 1.
Epigenetic diet compounds | Food sources | Epigenetic functions |
---|---|---|
EC, ECG, EGC and EGCG | Green tea | DNMT and HAT inhibitor, modulates miRNA |
Resveratrol | Grapes, peanuts, mulberries, cranberries, blueberries | DNMT and HDAC inhibitor |
Curcumin | Tumeric, curry | DNMT inhibitor and miRNA modulator |
Genistein | Soybeans, fava beans | DNMT and HDAC inhibitor, enhances HATs, modulates miRNA |
Isothiocyanates, sulforaphane | Broccoli, cabbage, kale, watercress | DNMT and HDAC inhibitor |
Selenium | Brazilian nuts, chicken, game meat, beef | DNMT and HDAC inhibitor |
Allyl mercaptan, organosulfur compounds | Garlic | HDAC inhibitor |
Folate | Beans, grains, fortified breakfast cereals, pastas, green vegetables | Deficiencies alter DNA methylation patterns |
Alcohol | Alcoholic beverages | High consumption increases promoter hypermethylation |
DNMT: DNA methyltransferase; EC: Epicatechin; ECG: Epicatechin-3-gallate; EGC: Epigallocatechin; EGCG: Epigallocatechin-3-gallate; HAT: Histone acetyltransferase; HDAC: Histone deacetylase.