Women in the high estradiol group (H-EST, n = 17), show increased vmPFC activation during extinction learning relative to the low estradiol group (L-EST, n = 17) A) Group x Stimulus interaction in the vmPFC (Talairach coordinates: x = 4, y = 23, z = -20), contrast compares H-EST vs. L-EST, functional activation during last eight CS+ trials of Extinction minus first eight CS+ trials. The H-EST group showed higher activity relative to the L-EST group. Threshold for display image is set at p = 0.01. B) Percent BOLD signal change extracted from the vmPFC functional region of interest shown in (A) (36 voxels, 288 mm3). C) Linear regression contrasting percent BOLD signal change (extracted from the vmPFC functional region of interest shown) in the vmPFC versus estradiol levels across all subjects (n = 34) shows a significant positive correlation between estradiol levels and vmPFC activation across all women. *p < 0.001.