FIGURE 1. Uncorrected Statistical Mapping Results of Cortical Thickness Effects Between Groups Defined by Schizophrenia and Violence, Interaction and Simple Effects^a.

^a The color bar encodes the p value associated with comparisons using the general linear model performed at each cortical surface point. The first row indicates the cortical thickness changes of violent subjects with antisocial personality disorder and schizophrenia subjects compared to nonviolent schizophrenia and healthy comparison subjects. Hot colors indicate regions in which violent subjects have significantly thinner cortices than nonviolent subjects; light blue and light purple indicate regions in which violent subjects have thicker cortices than nonviolent subjects. The second row indicates cortical thickness differences in schizophrenia patients. This contrast compares violent and nonviolent schizophrenia patients with subjects with antisocial personality disorder and healthy comparison subjects; pink and red indicate regions in which schizophrenia patients have significantly thinner cortices than nonschizophrenia patients. The third row indicates the regional interaction effects between groups collapsed according to a diagnosis of schizophrenia and violent behavior. To explore this interaction, simple effects comparing antisocial personality disorder and healthy comparison subjects are shown in the fourth row. Pink and red indicate regions in which subjects with antisocial personality disorder have significantly thinner cortices in relation to comparison subjects. In the last row, simple effects between violent schizophrenia and nonviolent schizophrenia are mapped. Pink and red indicate regions in which violent schizophrenia patients have significantly thinner corticies than nonviolent schizophrenia patients.