Table 2.
Unadjusted association of participant characteristics, parturition variables, and urinary incontinence (UI).
| % with UI ≥ weekly | OR | (95% CI) | P-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Participant Characteristics | ||||
| Age (per year) | - | 1.04 | 1.02–1.05 | <.001 |
| Age (spline function) | - | - | <.001^ | |
| Race | ||||
| White | 40.1 | Ref | ||
| Hispanic | 42.4 | 1.10 | 0.81–1.50 | ns |
| Black | 31.4 | 0.69 | 0.50–0.94 | .019 |
| Asian | 22.7 | 0.44 | 0.31–0.63 | <.001 |
| Current BMI (per unit)* | - | 1.07 | 1.05–1.09 | <.001 |
| BMI at age 25 (per unit)* | - | 1.07 | 1.03–1.11 | <.001 |
| General Health | ||||
| Poor/Fair | 53.2 | Ref | ||
| Good/Very good | 34.9 | 0.47 | 0.34–0.67 | |
| Excellent | 27.6 | 0.34 | 0.22–0.52 | <.001+ |
| Hysterectomy | ||||
| No | 33.0 | Ref | ||
| Yes | 45.0 | 1.66 | 1.28–2.16 | <.001 |
| Ever Smoked | ||||
| No | 33.4 | Ref | ||
| Yes | 39.2 | 1.29 | 1.02–1.62 | .034 |
| Current diabetes | ||||
| No | 35.5 | Ref | ||
| Yes | 40.9 | 1.26 | 0.85–1.88 | ns |
| Gestational diabetes | ||||
| No | 36.0 | Ref | ||
| Yes | 33.3 | 0.89 | 0.45–1.74 | ns |
| Parity (per birth) | 1.13 | 1.03–1.24 | .008 | |
| 1 | 33.5 | Ref | ||
| 2 | 32.7 | 0.96 | 0.65–1.42 | |
| 3+ | 38.8 | 1.25 | 0.87–1.82 | ns |
| Age first birth <23 years | ||||
| No | 29.9 | Ref | ||
| Yes | 42.0 | 1.70 | 1.35–2.15 | <.001 |
| Age first birth (spline function) | - | - | - | .008^ |
| Age at last birth >34 years | ||||
| No | 36.1 | Ref | ||
| Yes | 35.2 | 0.95 | 0.67–1.34 | ns |
| Age last birth (spline function) | - | - | - | ns^ |
| Parturition Events | ||||
| Gestational age > 41 weeks | ||||
| Never | 36.6 | Ref | ||
| Ever | 32.2 | 0.82 | 0.55–1.23 | ns |
| Induced labor | ||||
| Never | 34.2 | Ref | ||
| Ever | 44.4 | 1.53 | 1.11–2.10 | .006 |
| Prolonged first stage (>12 hours) | ||||
| Never | 35.8 | Ref | ||
| Ever | 36.5 | 1.03 | 0.75–1.41 | ns |
| Duration of first stage (per hour) | - | 1.03 | 0.99–1.04 | ns |
| Prolonged Second stage (>1 hour) | ||||
| Never | 36.3 | Ref | ||
| Ever | 35.3 | 0.96 | 0.73–1.27 | ns |
| Duration of second stage (per hour) | - | 0.97 | 0.90–1.03 | ns |
| Oxytocin during labor | ||||
| Never | 35.5 | Ref | ||
| Ever | 36.8 | 1.06 | 0.82–1.37 | ns |
| Instrumental delivery | ||||
| Never | 33.7 | Ref | ||
| Ever | 37.5 | 1.18 | 0.92–1.51 | ns |
| Spinal, saddle or epidural anesthesia | ||||
| Never | 36.0 | Ref | ||
| Ever | 36.0 | 1.00 | 0.78–1.29 | ns |
| Pudendal anesthesia | ||||
| Never | 34.0 | Ref | ||
| Ever | 38.4 | 1.20 | 0.95–1.56 | ns |
| Episiotomy | ||||
| Never | 33.9 | Ref | ||
| Ever | 36.0 | 1.10 | 0.67–1.81 | ns |
| 3rd or 4th degree tear | ||||
| Never | 37.2 | Ref | ||
| Ever | 32.2 | 0.80 | 0.60–1.09 | ns |
| Birth weight ≥ 4000 grams | ||||
| Never | 31.4 | Ref | ||
| Ever | 40.2 | 1.47 | 1.16–1.86 | .001 |
| Greatest birth weight (spline function) | - | - | - | <.001^ |
+
test for trend;
^
global test