Illustration of the training procedure in Experiment 3. Prior to beginning the actual task, participants were trained to learn two shape-color pairs, along with their associated letter and digit (one trained pair out of two is shown). During the learning phase at the beginning of each block, participants were presented with a shape and color from a trained pair, as well as a new shape and color that had not been presented during training. At test, there were four possible shape-color combinations, one of which corresponded to a trained shape-color chunk.