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. 2011 Oct 17;60(11):2995–3005. doi: 10.2337/db11-0026

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© 2011 by the American Diabetes Association.

Readers may use this article as long as the work is properly cited, the use is educational and not for profit, and the work is not altered. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ for details.

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FIG. 4. — pHBSP and microglial activation in the diabetic retina. Retinal microglia were labeled using CD11b immunoreactivity in retinal sections and visualized using confocal microscopy. Cntl, control; Sc, scrambled pHBSP; and Db, diabetic. A: Mean cell counts of CD11b-positive cells were taken from three separate points within the central retina. There was a significant increase in microglial numbers after 7.5 months of diabetes (*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01). pHBSP (10 μg/kg) had no significant effect on this diabetes-related increase (P > 0.05). B: After subdividing the total number of microglial cell counts, there is a significant difference in the number of dendritic (nonactivated) and amoeboid (activated) cells between control and diabetic rats (*P < 0.05). Compared with diabetic rats treated with the scrambled peptide, there are more dendritic microglia and fewer amoeboid in the retinae of the diabetic rats that received the scrambled pHBSP (**P < 0.01 and *P < 0.05). Data are mean ± SEM; n = 6 per group. Sc’pHBSP, scrambled pHBSP. C–F: Images of CD11b-positive cells: control and Sc (C), control and pHBSP (D), diabetic and Sc (E), and diabetic and pHBSP (F). (A high-quality color representation of this figure is available in the online issue.)