TABLE 2.
Comparisons of participants with low and high baseline serum 25(OH)D
| Low serum 25(OH)D (case subjects, n = 105) | High serum 25(OH)D (control subjects, n = 50) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ln ISI 120–180 min (μmol ⋅ min−1 ⋅ kg−1/pmol−1 ⋅ L−1) | |||
| Model 1 | −2.27 (−2.39 to −2.16)† | −2.03 (−2.20 to −1.87) | 0.02 |
| Model 2 | −2.25 (−2.36 to −2.14)† | −2.08 (−2.25 to −1.92) | 0.10 |
| Model 3 | −2.25 (−2.37 to −2.13)‡ | −2.11 (−2.29 to −1.92)* | 0.24 |
| HbA1c (%) | |||
| Model 1 | 5.56 (5.50 to 5.62) | 5.36 (5.27 to 5.44) | <0.01 |
| Model 2 | 5.56 (5.50 to 5.62) | 5.35 (5.27 to 5.44) | <0.01 |
| Model 3 | 5.57 (5.50 to 5.63)† | 5.33 (5.23 to 5.42)* | <0.01 |
| Ln TG (mmol/L) | |||
| Model 1 | 0.050 (−0.040 to 0.140) | −0.097 (−0.228 to 0.034) | 0.07 |
| Model 2 | 0.046 (−0.043 to 0.135) | −0.088 (−0.219 to 0.043) | 0.10 |
| Model 3 | 0.054 (−0.042 to 0.150)† | −0.093 (−0.241 to 0.054)* | 0.12 |
| Ln TG (mmol/L)§ | |||
| Model 1 | 0.041 (−0.050 to 0.132) | −0.140 (−0.278 to −0.003) | 0.03 |
| Model 2 | 0.036 (−0.055 to 0.127) | −0.129 (−0.267 to 0.008) | 0.051 |
| Model 3 | 0.038 (−0.058 to 0.135)† | −0.123 (−0.278 to 0.031)* | 0.10 |
Data are estimated means (95% CI), using general linear models. Model 1: means adjusted for age, sex, and BMI; model 2: model 1 plus leisure time physical activity; and model 3: model 2 plus fat fish intake, dairy servings per week, sun bed use, sunny holidays past 3 months, and vitamin D supplementation.
*Data missing in one participant.
†Data missing in two participants.
‡Data missing in four participants.
§Statin users excluded (five case subjects and six control subjects).