Table S1.

Implant procedure results

Characteristic	N	mean ± SD [median] (range) or % (n/N)
Surgical time
Anesthesia time (start to stop) (min)	21	246.6 ± 60.1 [243] (148.0, 387.0 )
Skin-to-skin time (incision to closure) (min)	21	189.4 ± 58.1 [176] (111.0, 337.0 )
Hypoglossal nerve diameter (mm)	21	2.8 ± 0.5 [3] (2.0, 4.0)
Implant details
Neurostimulator location
Right	21	100.0% (21/21)
Neurostimulator position
Subcutaneous pocket	21	100.0% (21/21)
Intraoperative Lead cuff repositioning required	21	38.1% (8/21)

The mean procedure time was 189.4 min (± 58.1 min) (approximately 3.25 h) from incision to closure. The implantable neurostimulator (INS) was implanted on the right side in a subcutaneous pocket in all patients. Stimulation lead (STL) cuff position was verified intraoperatively guided by fluoroscopic imaging of the upper airway. When stimulation resulted in inadequate upper airway opening based on lateral fluoroscopy, the stimulation lead cuff was immediately repositioned until adequate opening was observed. Eight of 21 patients required cuff lead repositioning intraoperatively at least once to obtain adequate upper airway opening.