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. 2011 Oct 14;66B(6):769–781. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbr108

Table 6.

Comparing Direct and Indirect Ambivalence by Gender and Generational Position in the Family

Depressive symptoms
Positive affect
Model 1 Mothers
Model 2 Adult children
Model 3 Daughters
Model 4 Sons
Model 5 Mothers
Model 6 Adult children
Model 7 Daughters
Model 8 Sons
β (SE) β (SE) β (SE) β (SE) β (SE) β (SE) β (SE) β (SE)
Direct ambivalence .05 (0.21) .14* (0.16) .08 (0.20) .25** (0.27) −.12 (0.21) −.23** (0.15) −.17* (0.19) −.32** (0.27)
Indirect ambivalence .15* (0.10) .03 (0.11) .03 (0.13) .07 (0.18) −.12 (0.10) −.01 (0.11) −.04 (0.12) −.04 (0.17)
Model statistics
    R2 .15 .24 .25 .28 .20 .16 .10 .27
    df 5 6 5 5 5 6 5 5
    N 254 254 153 101 254 254 153 101

Notes: Controlling on marital status, subjective health, and race. df = degrees of freedom.

*p < .05; **p < .01.