Table 2.

Venipuncture pain scores, assessed by the visual analogue scale (VAS).

	Control	Placebo	EMLA	Vapocoolant
VAS	28.8±17.9 (0-75)	33.4±19.5 (0-77)	10.7±10.6 (0-44)*#§	14.0±12.4 (0-53)# §
Moderate pain VAS> 30 mm	20 (48.8%)	23 (56.1%)	4 (9.8%)#§	4 (9.8%)#§
Severe pain VAS> 54 mm	5 (12.2%)	8 (19.5%)	0 (0%)#§	0 (0%)#§

VAS: 0mm-100mm. Data are presented as Mean± SD (range) or number of patients (percentage). *p=0.00 compared to vapocoolant, # p=0.00 compared to control, § p=0.00 compared to placebo.