Table 4.
Pregnancy outcomes by diet group
| LGI |
HF |
P * | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Value | n | Value | ||
| Gestational age (weeks) | 47 | 39.1 ± 0.1 | 45 | 39.2 ± 0.1 | 0.552 |
| Birth weight (kg) | 47 | 3.3 ± 0.1 | 45 | 3.3 ± 0.1 | 0.619 |
| Birth weight centile | 47 | 52.5 ± 4.3 | 45 | 52.2 ± 4.0 | 0.969 |
| LGA (%) | 47 | 12.8 | 45 | 4.4 | 0.157 |
| Small for gestational age (%) | 47 | 10.6 | 45 | 8.9 | 0.778 |
| Macrosomia (%) | 47 | 2.1 | 45 | 6.7 | 0.286 |
| Infant head circumference (cm) | 43 | 34.4 ± 0.2 | 39 | 34.6 ± 0.3 | 0.478 |
| Infant length (cm) | 47 | 49.7 ± 0.3 | 45 | 49.7 ± 0.3 | 0.995 |
| Ponderal index (kg/m3) | 47 | 27.2 ± 0.3 | 45 | 27.0 ± 0.4 | 0.614 |
| Maternal weight gain (kg) | 44 | 11.9 ± 0.7 | 43 | 13.1 ± 0.9 | 0.305 |
| Below target (%)† | 31.8 | 25.6 | 0.520 | ||
| Within target (%)† | 43.2 | 32.6 | 0.307 | ||
| Above target (%)† | 25.0 | 41.9 | 0.095 | ||
| Insulin treatment (%) | 47 | 53.2 | 45 | 65.1 | 0.251 |
| Final daily insulin dose (units) | 47 | 17.7 ± 4.1 | 43 | 20.0 ± 3.8 | 0.676 |
| Emergency caesarean (%) | 44 | 20.5 | 44 | 11.6 | 0.263 |
Data are mean ± SEM or percent.
*P values calculated by one-way ANOVA for continuous variables and Pearson χ2 for categorical variables. P < 0.05 indicates statistical significance.
†Based on Institute of Medicine. Weight gain during pregnancy: reexamining the guidelines [article online], 2009. Available from http://www.iom.edu/~/media/files/report%20files/2009/weight-gain-during-pregnancy-reexamining-the-guidelines/report%20brief%20-%20weight%20gain%20during%20pregnancy.pdf.