Table 1.
Baseline characteristics according to diabetes definition
| No diabetes as per ADA 2010 definition | T2DM ADA 2010 | T2DM ADA 2009 | P value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 1,384 | 150 | 468 | — |
| Male sex | 1,012 (73.1) | 113 (75.3) | 342 (73.1) | 0.839 |
| Age (years) | 60.6 ± 10.8 | 62.7 ± 9.2 | 64.6 ± 9.5 | <0.001 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 98 ± 10 | 103 ± 11 | 125 ± 28 | <0.001 |
| Glucose 2 h (mg/dL)† | 125 ± 33 | 137 ± 30 | 233 ± 65 | <0.001 |
| Fasting insulin (mU/L) | 8 (6–12) | 9 (6–12) | 12 (8–21) | <0.001‡ |
| Hemoglobin A1c (%) | 5.7 ± 0.4 | 6.8 ± 0.5 | 6.5 ± 1.0 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.1 ± 3.8 | 28.0 ± 4.3 | 28.2 ± 4.0 | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm)§ | 97 (12) | 101 (11) | 101 (11) | <0.001 |
| Systemic hypertension | 920 (66.5) | 112 (74.7) | 379 (81.0) | <0.001 |
| Blood lipid level (mg/dL) | ||||
| Total cholesterol | 196 ± 38 | 189 ± 37 | 193 (40) | 0.073 |
| LDL cholesterol | 120 ± 35 | 117 ± 31 | 116 ± 34 | 0.097 |
| HDL cholesterol | 40 ± 11 | 38 ± 10 | 37 ± 10 | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides | 137 (103–190) | 140 (108–187) | 158 (120–222) | <0.001‡ |
| Glomerular filtration rate (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 84 ± 17 | 80 ± 18 | 81 ± 18 | <0.001 |
| Smoking | 0.074 | |||
| Never | 501 (36.2) | 48 (32.0) | 153 (32.7) | — |
| Former smoker | 597 (43.1) | 64 (42.7) | 232 (49.6) | — |
| Current smoker | 286 (20.7) | 38 (25.3) | 83 (17.7) | — |
| Coronary artery disease (50% stenosis) | 869 (62.8) | 102 (68.0) | 344 (73.5) | <0.001 |
| Medication use | ||||
| β-Blocker | 889 (64.2) | 88 (58.7) | 303 (64.7) | 0.369 |
| ACE inhibitor | 667 (48.2) | 78 (52.0) | 258 (55.1) | 0.031 |
| Calcium antagonist | 180 (13.0) | 19 (12.7) | 87 (18.6) | 0.010 |
| Diuretic | 250 (18.1) | 43 (28.7) | 166 (35.5) | <0.001 |
| Statin | 656 (47.4) | 75 (50.0) | 234 (50.0) | 0.561 |
| Acetyl salicylic acid | 983 (71.0) | 118 (78.7) | 322 (68.8) | 0.068 |
| Mortality | ||||
| All-cause death | 194 (14.0) | 30 (20.0) | 122 (26.3) | — |
| Cardiovascular death|| | 111 (8.1) | 22 (14.8) | 69 (14.9) | — |
Data are n (%) in cases of categorical data and means ± SDs or medians (25th–75th percentiles) in cases of continuous variables.
*χ2 test and ANOVA for categorical and continuous data, respectively.
†n = 1,384/150/238.
‡ANOVA of logarithmically transformed values.
§n = 1,363/149/461.
||n = 1,378/149/464.