Fig. 3.

Anticancer efficacy of phenyl glycolipids. Three syngenic murine cancer models, lung cancer, melanoma, and breast cancer were used to evaluate the anticancer efficacy of phenyl glycolipids. (A) C57BL/6 mice (n = 5) were injected intravenously with lung cancer cells (TC1) and the indicated glycolipids (0.1 μg/mouse) or vehicle (0.1% DMSO) once a week for 4 wk. Mice survival was monitored and Kaplan–Meier survival curve was shown. The symbol * represents p < 0.05, compared with DMSO; and #, p < 0.05, compared with C1, were analyzed by the log-rank test. (B–D) C57BL/6 mice (n = 5) were s.c. inoculated with B16 melanoma cells (B) or TC1-GFP-Luciferase lung cancer cells (C), and BALB/c mice (n = 5) were s.c. inoculated with 4T1-GFP-Luciferase breast cancer cells (D). Three days later, mice were i.v. injected with indicated glycolipids (0.1 μg/mouse) or vehicle once a week for 4 wk. (B) The melanoma tumor growth was measured by caliper every 3 d for 24 d. The statistical significance among different groups was calculated using the generalized linear model by the SPSS software. The symbol ** represents p < 0.01, compared with DMSO; and ##, p < 0.01, compared with C1. The in vivo tumor growth of lung cancer (C) or breast cancer (D) was detected by IVIS system and the tumor growth was presented as pixel of bioluminescence (C and D, Left) and image (C and D, Right). The symbol * represents p < 0.05, compared with DMSO; and #, p < 0.05, compared with C1 (one-tailed Student t test).