Table 2. Statistical results for Mann Whitney Z-test comparisons between the animal presence and animal absence plots in conifer and broadleaf forests of Jigme Dorji and Thrumshingla National Park, Bhutan.

Variable	Conifer Forest				Cool broadleaf Forest
	Mean	s	Z	p	Mean	s	Z	p
Altitude (m)	3583	255	−0.982	0.326	2279	486	−2.120	0.034 *
Mature trees	0.31	0.34	−0.847	0.397	0.48	0.37	−0.724	0.469
Mid-storey trees	0.36	0.37	−0.306	0.759	0.29	0.38	−0.214	0.830
Under-growth	0.57	0.61	−0.345	0.730	0.77	0.63	−0.311	0.756
Slope (°)	33.13	18.19	−0.230	0.818	28.94	12.65	−1.955	0.051
Mid-storey fir	1.78	2.80	−2.344	0.019 *	0.00	0.00	-	-
Mature fir	4.69	4.69	−1.942	0.052	0.00	0.00	-	-
Rhododendron	3.22	4.61	−0.816	0.414	0.97	2.73	−1.944	0.052
Fruiting Sorbus	0.44	1.08	−6.467	<0.001 *	0.05	0.28	−4.814	<0.001 *
Snag trees	4.06	5.41	−0.775	0.439	1.15	1.51	−0.055	0.956
Log	4.10	4.28	−0.417	0.676	0.65	1.19	−1.516	0.130
Bamboo cover (%)	14.79	24.04	−5.212	<0.001 *	22.55	27.47	−3.167	0.002 *
Bamboo height (cm)	72.23	108.41	−5.100	<0.001 *	162.50	173.32	−2.282	0.023 *
Canopy cover (%)	71.19	23.40	−1.068	0.285	70.97	26.53	−0.480	0.631
Distance to water (m)	300.98	318.33	−3.094	0.002 *	247.60	240.46	−1.942	0.052

*P<0.05.