Table 2.
In vitro activity of besifloxacin and comparator anti-infectives against bacterial pathogens from three clinical trialsa
| Organism | Minimum inhibitory concentration (μg/mL) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BES | CIP | GAT | LVX | MXF | OFX | AZM | ||
| All isolates (n = 1324) | Range | 0.008–8 | ≤0.004–>8 | ≤0.004–>8 | ≤0.004–>8 | ≤0.004–>8 | 0.008–>8 | 0.008–>8 |
| MiC50 | 0.06 | 0.25 | 0.125 | 0.25 | 0.125 | 0.5 | 2 | |
| MiC90 | 0.25 | 2 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.5 | 2 | >8 | |
| Gram-positive (n = 886) | Range | 0.008–8 | 0.015–>8 | 0.008–>8 | 0.008–>8 | 0.008–>8 | 0.008–>8 | 0.008–>8 |
| MiC50 | 0.06 | 0.5 | 0.25 | 0.5 | 0.125 | 1 | 1 | |
| MiC90 | 0.25 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 0.5 | 4 | >8 | |
| Gram-negative (n = 438) | Range | 0.008–8 | ≤0.004–>8 | ≤0.004–8 | ≤0.004–8 | ≤0.004–8 | 0.015–>8 | 0.015–>8 |
| MiC50 | 0.03 | 0.015 | 0.015 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 2 | |
| MiC90 | 0.5 | 0.125 | 0.25 | 0.125 | 0.25 | 0.25 | >8 | |
| Aerococcus viridans (n = 10) | Range | 0.015–0.03 | 0.06–0.125 | 0.06–0.5 | 0.125–0.25 | 0.03–0.06 | 0.125–0.25 | 4–>8 |
| MiC50 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.25 | 0.125 | 0.03 | 0.25 | 4 | |
| MiC90 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.5 | 0.25 | 0.06 | 0.25 | 8 | |
| CDC coryneform group G (n = 29) | Range | 0.008–2 | 0.03–8 | 0.03–8 | 0.06–>8 | 0.03–>8 | 0.125–>8 | 0.06–>8 |
| MiC50 | 0.015 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.125 | 0.125 | |
| MiC90 | 0.125 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.25 | 2 | >8 | |
| Haemophilus influenzae | Range | 0.008–0.5 | ≤0.004–1 | ≤0.004–0.5 | ≤0.004–1 | 0.008–1 | 0.015–2 | 0.015–>8 |
| All (n = 344) | MiC50 | 0.03 | 0.015 | 0.015 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 2 |
| MiC90 | 0.06 | 0.015 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 4 | |
| BL-neg (n = 253) | Range | 0.008–0.5 | 0.008–1 | 0.008–0.5 | 0.008–1 | 0.008–1 | 0.015–2 | 0.015–>8 |
| MiC50 | 0.03 | 0.015 | 0.015 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 2 | |
| MiC90 | 0.06 | 0.015 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 4 | |
| BL-pos (n = 87) | Range | 0.008–0.06 | ≤0.004–0.06 | ≤0.004–0.06 | ≤0.004–0.06 | 0.008–0.125 | 0.015–0.125 | 0.125–4 |
| MiC50 | 0.03 | 0.015 | 0.015 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 2 | |
| MiC90 | 0.06 | 0.015 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 2 | |
| Moraxella catarrhalis | Range | 0.06–0.25 | 0.03–1 | 0.03–0.5 | 0.06–2 | 0.06–0.5 | 0.06–4 | 0.03–0.25 |
| All (n = 12) | MiC50 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.125 | 0.125 | 0.06 |
| MiC90 | 0.25 | 0.5 | 0.25 | 1 | 0.5 | 2 | 0.25 | |
| BL-pos (n = 11) | Range | 0.06–0.25 | 0.03–1 | 0.03–0.5 | 0.06–2 | 0.06–0.5 | 0.06–4 | 0.06–0.25 |
| MiC50 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.125 | 0.125 | 0.06 | |
| MiC90 | 0.25 | 0.5 | 0.25 | 1 | 0.5 | 2 | 0.25 | |
| Staphylococcus aureus | Range | 0.008–8 | 0.06–>8 | 0.03–>8 | 0.03–>8 | 0.03–>8 | 0.125–>8 | 0.06–>8 |
| All (n = 190) | MiC50 | 0.03 | 0.5 | 0.125 | 0.25 | 0.06 | 0.5 | 2 |
| MiC90 | 0.5 | >8 | 4 | 8 | 2 | >8 | >8 | |
| MSSA-CS (n = 144) | Range | 0.008–1 | 0.06–1 | 0.03–>8 | 0.03–0.5 | 0.03–0.25 | 0.125–1 | 0.06–>8 |
| MiC50 | 0.03 | 0.5 | 0.125 | 0.25 | 0.06 | 0.5 | 2 | |
| MiC90 | 0.06 | 0.5 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.125 | 0.5 | >8 | |
| MRSA-CS (n = 9) | Range | 0.03–0.06 | 0.25–0.5 | 0.06–0.25 | 0.25–0.5 | 0.06–0.06 | 0.25–1 | 2–>8 |
| MiC50 | 0.06 | 0.5 | 0.125 | 0.25 | 0.06 | 0.5 | >8 | |
| MSSA-CR (n = 17) | Range | 0.125–2 | 4–>8 | 0.25–>8 | 1–>8 | 0.25–>8 | 2–>8 | 2–>8 |
| MiC50 | 0.5 | >8 | 4 | 8 | 2 | >8 | >8 | |
| MiC90 | 2 | >8 | >8 | >8 | 8 | >8 | >8 | |
| MRSA-CR (n = 17) | Range | 0.125–8 | 4–>8 | 0.25–>8 | 1–>8 | 0.5–>8 | 2–>8 | 2–>8 |
| MiC50 | 0.5 | >8 | 4 | 8 | 4 | >8 | >8 | |
| MiC90 | 4 | >8 | >8 | >8 | >8 | >8 | >8 | |
| Staphylococcus epidermidis | Range | 0.03–4 | 0.125–>8 | 0.06–>8 | 0.125–>8 | 0.06–>8 | 0.25–>8 | 0.5–>8 |
| All (n = 111) | MiC50 | 0.06 | 0.25 | 0.125 | 0.25 | 0.125 | 0.5 | 1 |
| MiC90 | 0.5 | >8 | 2 | 8 | 4 | >8 | >8 | |
| MSSE-CS (n = 50) | Range | 0.03–0.25 | 0.125–1 | 0.125–0.5 | 0.125–0.5 | 0.06–0.25 | 0.25–1 | 0.5–>8 |
| MiC50 | 0.06 | 0.25 | 0.125 | 0.25 | 0.125 | 0.5 | 1 | |
| MiC90 | 0.06 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.125 | 0.5 | >8 | |
| MRSE-CS (n = 27) | Range | 0.03–0.06 | 0.125–0.5 | 0.06–0.5 | 0.125–0.25 | 0.06–0.25 | 0.25–0.5 | 0.5–>8 |
| MiC50 | 0.06 | 0.25 | 0.125 | 0.25 | 0.125 | 0.5 | >8 | |
| MiC90 | 0.06 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.125 | 0.5 | >8 | |
| MSSE-CR (n = 10) | Range | 0.5–2 | 8–>8 | 2–>8 | 4–>8 | 1–>8 | 4–>8 | 0.5–>8 |
| MiC50 | 0.5 | >8 | 2 | 8 | 4 | >8 | 1 | |
| MiC90 | 1 | >8 | 8 | >8 | 8 | >8 | >8 | |
| MRSE-CR (n = 24) | Range | 0.25–4 | 4–>8 | 1–>8 | 1–>8 | 1–>8 | 8–>8 | 1–>8 |
| MiC50 | 0.5 | 8 | 2 | 8 | 2 | 8 | >8 | |
| MiC90 | 4 | >8 | >8 | >8 | >8 | >8 | >8 | |
| Streptococcus mitis (n = 20) | Range | 0.06–0.25 | 0.25–4 | 0.25–1 | 0.5–2 | 0.06–0.5 | 1–4 | 0.06–8 |
| MiC50 | 0.125 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.125 | 2 | 2 | |
| MiC90 | 0.125 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0.25 | 2 | 4 | |
| S. mitis group (n = 45) | Range | 0.03–1 | 0.06–>8 | 0.06–2 | 0.125–>8 | 0.03–2 | 0.25–>8 | 0.03–>8 |
| MiC50 | 0.125 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.125 | 2 | 2 | |
| MiC90 | 0.25 | 4 | 0.5 | 2 | 0.25 | 4 | 8 | |
| Streptococcus oralis (n = 18) | Range | 0.015–0.25 | 0.03–4 | 0.03–1 | 0.125–2 | 0.015–0.5 | 0.125–4 | 0.06–>8 |
| MiC50 | 0.125 | 2 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.25 | 2 | 4 | |
| MiC90 | 0.25 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 0.25 | 4 | >8 | |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | Range | 0.03–0.25 | 0.125–>8 | 0.125–1 | 0.125–2 | 0.06–1 | 0.5–4 | 0.06–>8 |
| All (n = 302) | MiC50 | 0.06 | 0.5 | 0.25 | 0.5 | 0.125 | 1 | 0.125 |
| MiC90 | 0.125 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.125 | 2 | >8 | |
| PSSP (n = 220) | Range | 0.03–0.25 | 0.125–2 | 0.125–1 | 0.125–2 | 0.06–1 | 0.5–4 | 0.06–>8 |
| MiC50 | 0.06 | 0.5 | 0.25 | 0.5 | 0.125 | 1 | 0.125 | |
| MiC90 | 0.125 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.125 | 2 | 0.25 | |
| PISP (n = 71) | Range | 0.03–0.125 | 0.25–2 | 0.125–0.5 | 0.5–2 | 0.06–0.5 | 1–2 | 0.06–>8 |
| MiC50 | 0.06 | 0.5 | 0.25 | 0.5 | 0.125 | 1 | 8 | |
| MiC90 | 0.06 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.125 | 2 | >8 | |
| PRSP (n = 11) | Range | 0.03–0.125 | 0.25–>8 | 0.25–1 | 0.5–1 | 0.125–0.25 | 1–2 | 0.06–>8 |
| MiC50 | 0.06 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.125 | 2 | 8 | |
| MiC90 | 0.125 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.125 | 2 | >8 | |
| Unspeciated streptococci (n = 13) | Range | 0.015–0.25 | 0.03–4 | 0.03–1 | 0.125–2 | 0.015–0.5 | 0.125–4 | 0.125–>8 |
| MiC50 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.5 | 0.125 | 0.06 | 0.25 | 8 | |
| MiC90 | 0.125 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | 2 | >8 | |
Note: Species isolated from ≥ 10 patients.
Abbreviations: BES, besifloxacin; CIP, ciprofloxacin; GAT, gatifloxacin; LVX, levofloxacin; MXF, moxifloxacin; OFX, ofloxacin; AZM, azithromycin; OXA, oxacillin; PEN, penicillin; BL-neg, β-lactamase negative; BL-pos, β-lactamase positive; MSSA-CS, methicillin-susceptible ciprofloxacin-susceptible S. aureus; MRSA-CS, methicillin-resistant ciprofloxacin-susceptible S. aureus; MSSA-CR, methicillin-susceptible ciprofloxacin-resistant S. aureus; MRSA-CR, methicillin-resistant ciprofloxacin-resistant S. aureus; MSSECS, methicillin-susceptible ciprofloxacin-susceptible S. epidermidis; MRSE-CS, methicillin-resistant ciprofloxacin-susceptible S. epidermidis; MSSE-CR, methicillin-susceptible ciprofloxacin-resistant S. epidermidis; MRSE-CR, methicillin-resistant ciprofloxacin-resistant S. epidermidis; PSSP, penicillin-susceptible S. pneumoniae; PISP, penicillin-intermediate S. pneumoniae; PRSP, penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae.