Table 4.
Division-wise injection safety practices in the UHCs in Bangladesh
| Indicators | Division§ | Total | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | ||
| A. Facility observation: general safety (n = 24) | |||||||
| Average no. of injections per patient (number) | 0.9 | 3.8 | 02.3 | 02.3 | 02.31 | 04.3 | 2.7 |
| Injection safety policy/guidelines was available for viewing (%) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Waste disposal policy/guidelines was available for viewing (%) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Waste handlers have access to 'heavy gloves' (%) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Facilities with no non-sharps infectious waste outside (%) | 23.5 | 16.3 | 11.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 8.6 |
| Used syringe, needle disposed in puncture proof box (%) | 55.0* | 36.3 | 20.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 16.5 |
| Facilities with no loose sharps/needles overflowing (%) | 36.5 | 48.3* | 47.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 22.0 |
| Facilities with no loose injection materials scattered (%) | 23.8 | 40.0* | 26.5 | 0.0 | 11.2 | 15 | 19.4 |
| Facilities with safe final waste disposal methods (%) | 31.5 | 12.5 | 21.5 | 10.12 | 0.0 | 21.3 | 16.2 |
| B. Injection providers' safety (n = 120) | |||||||
| Providers reported needle stick injuries in last 6 months (%) | 46.3 | 32.5 | 67.5* | 0.0 | 32.5 | 0.0 | 29.8 |
| Providers trained in injection safety practices in last 2 years (%) | 87.5* | 0.0 | 75.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 27.1 |
| Providers have had at least one Hepatitis B vaccination | 3.6 | 27.3 | 13.7 | 53.4 | 47.6 | 0.0 | 24.3 |
| Immunized against HBV [all 3 doses] (%) | 02.5 | 25.0 | 12.5 | 52.5* | 45.0 | 0.0 | 22.9 |
| C. Safety of the recipients (n = 480) | |||||||
| Providers washed hands with antiseptic soap/rub (%) | 33.5* | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 05.6 |
| Patients whose injection site sterilized by spirit (%) | 100.0* | 0.0 | 08.8 | 30.0 | 20.0 | 12.5 | 28.5 |
| Used new syringe- needles for reconstitution (%) | 98.0 | 88.5 | 80.7 | 74.5 | 83.0 | 82.5 | 84.5 |
| Injection was prepared on clean table (%) | 56.5 | 0.0 | 05.0 | 50.0 | 80.0* | 18.8 | 35.0 |
| Used syringe, needle disposed immediately after injection | 55.0* | 36.3 | 20.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 18.5 |
| No used sharps were scattered in open areas | 27.8 | 36.0* | 22.5 | 4.5 | 11.2 | 14.7 | 18.8 |
| Followed adverse events after injection (%) | 13.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 30.0* | 0.0 | 07.3 |
| D. Safety of the waste handlers (n = 48) | |||||||
| Waste handlers used 'heavy gloves' (%) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Trained in healthcare waste management (%) | 50.0* | 0.0 | 0.0 | 12.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 10.4 |
| Immunized with HBV vaccine [3 dose] (%) | 9.7 | 6.5 | 0.0 | 08.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 4.2 |
| Waste handlers used any form of gloves (%) | 62.5* | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 10.4 |
| Reported needle stick injury in last 6 months (%) | 46.5* | 20.5 | 27.5 | 16.3 | 30.6 | 10.8 | 25.4 |
HBV, hepatitis B virus; §1 = Dhaka, 2 = Chittagong, 3 = Rajshahi, 4 = Sylhet, 5 = Barishal, 6 = Khulna.
* p < 0.01