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Comparative levels of the top 12 metabolites used for the predictive models. All metabolites from the 12 panels were compared between the non-emphysematous smoker group (No-EM) and emphysematous smoker group (EM). m/z = MS negative mode molecular weight. RT = retention time. P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Horizontal and vertical bars are medians ± interquartile ranges.
