Table 2.
Circulating microRNAs proposed as diagnostic biomarkers in human diseases
| Type of cancer | Biomarker candidate | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Prostate cancer | ||
| Fifteen serum miRNAs were over-expressed from stage 3 & 4 prostate cancer patients (miR-16, -92a, -103, -107, -197, -34b, -328, -485-3p,-486-5p, -92b, -574-3p, -636, -640, -766, -885-5p) when compared to normal individuals. | [40] | |
| Expression levels of miR-141 in serum can distinguish prostate cancer patients from healthy controls | [41] | |
| Breast cancer | ||
| Forty eight serum miRNAs were differentially expressed in breast cancer patients (22 up-regulated, 26 down-regulated) when compared to controls | [42] | |
| Increased expression levels of miR-10b and -34a in serum was observed in breast cancer patients | [43] | |
| Decreased expression levels of miR-195 and let-7a in serum was observed in breast cancer patients | [44] | |
| Ovarian cancer | ||
| miR-21, 92, 93, 126 and 29a were over-expressed in serum samples from cancer patients compared to controls and miR-155, 127 and 99b were under-expressed | [52] | |
| Eight serum exosomal miRNAs were elevated in ovarian cancer patients: miR-21, -141, -200a, -200b, -200c, -203, -205, -214. | [45] | |
| Lung cancer | ||
| Eleven serum miRNAs (including miR-7i, -146b, -206, and and -21) were changed more than five-fold by NGS between longer-survival lung cancer patient groups and shorter-survival groups. Levels of four miRNAs (miR-486, -30d, -1, -499) were associated with overall survival | [46] | |
| Colorectal cancer | ||
| Both miR-29a and miR-92a showed elevated levels in plasma from 37 advanced colorectal cancer patients. | [47] | |
| The levels of two plasma miRNAs (miR-17-3p and -92a) were significantly elevated. | [51] | |
| Bladder cancer | ||
| The ratio of two urinary miRNAs (miR-126 and -182) enabled detection urinary bladder cancer. | [39] | |
| Oral cancer | ||
| The level of plasma miR-31 was significantly elevated in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients compared to the control groups. | [72] | |
| Two miRNAs (miR-125a and -200a) showed decreased levels in saliva with oral cancer | [50] | |
| Heart conditions | ||
| From acute myocardial infarction patients, the level of plasma miR-208b and -499 was highly elevated and correlated with plasma troponin level. | [53] | |
| Level of six plasma miRNAs including miR-423-5p was elevated in patients with heart failure. | [54] | |
| Plasma miR-1 level was significantly elevated from patients with acute myocardial infarction. | [55,56] |