Table 2.
Distribution of variables amongst respondents aged 18 and over who received a prescription in 1994, 1998 and 2004 (RLMS)
| 1994 |
1998 |
2004 |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | |
| No. (%) respondents | No. (%) respondents | No. (%) respondents | ||||
| Total | 657 (34.7) | 1,236 (65.3) | 443 (32.1) | 938 (67.9) | 511 (29.9) | 1198 (70.1) |
| Age | ||||||
| 18–39 years | 234 (35.6) | 363 (29.4) | 127 (28.7) | 230 (24.5) | 151 (29.6) | 303 (25.3) |
| 40–59 years | 211 (32.1) | 377 (30.5) | 150 (33.9) | 285 (30.4) | 188 (36.8) | 343 (28.6) |
| 60+ years | 212 (32.3) | 496 (40.1) | 166 (37.47) | 423 (45.1) | 172 (33.7) | 552 (46.1) |
| Accessing medicines | ||||||
| Able to access | 657 (100) | 1,236 (100) | 305 (69.16) | 602 (64.66) | 419 (82.2) | 990 (83.3) |
| Unable – not in pharmacy | 374 (57.1) | 720 (58.9) | 43 (9.8) | 91 (9.8) | 16 (3.1) | 37 (3.1) |
| Unable – no money | 197 (30.1) | 334 (27.3) | 73 (16.6) | 204 (21.9) | 51 (10.0) | 127 (10.7) |
| Unable – other reason | 44 (6.7) | 116 (9.5) | 20 (4.5) | 34 (3.7) | 24 (4.7) | 34 (2.9) |
| Education | ||||||
| Higher | 226 (34.5) | 502 (40.8) | 351 (37.5) | 507 (36.8) | 199 (38.9) | 539 (45.1) |
| Complete secondary | 182 (27.8) | 249 (20.2) | 130 (29.5) | 232 (24.8) | 158 (30.9) | 276 (23.1) |
| Incomplete secondary or primary | 247 (37.7) | 479 (38.9) | 155 (35.2) | 354 (37.8) | 154 (30.1) | 379 (31.7) |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Married | – | – | 330 (74.7) | 459 (49.0) | 333 (65.2) | 492 (41.1) |
| Never married | Omitted | Omitted | 30 (6.8) | 70 (7.5) | 58 (11.4) | 103 (8.6) |
| Divorced, not remarried | Coding | Coding | 28 (6.3) | 54 (5.8) | 32 (6.3) | 106 (8.9) |
| Widowed | Difference | Difference | 26 (5.9) | 84 (9.0) | 29 (5.7) | 390 (32.6) |
| Cohabiting, not married | – | – | 28 (6.3) | 270 (28.8) | 59 (11.6) | 107 (8.9) |
| Currently smoking | ||||||
| Yes | 343 (52.2) | 91 (7.4) | 219 (49.4) | 88 (9.4) | 299 (58.5) | 146 (12.2) |
| No | 314 (47.8) | 1,143 (92.6) | 224 (50.6) | 848 (90.6) | 212 (41.5) | 1052 (87.8) |
| Alcohol frequency | ||||||
| 1–3 times a month | 228 (34.7) | 381 (30.9) | 152 (34.3) | 284 (30.3) | 132 (25.9) | 336 (28.1) |
| 1–3 times a week | 152 (23.1) | 70 (5.7) | 102 (23.0) | 52 (5.6) | 134 (26.3) | 104 (8.7) |
| ≥4 times a week | 34 (5.2) | 10 (0.8) | 20 (4.5) | 5 (0.5) | 25 (4.9) | 13 (1.1) |
| None | 243 (37.0) | 773 (62.6) | 169 (38.2) | 596 (63.6) | 219 (42.9) | 742 (62.1) |
| Type of area | ||||||
| Urban | 504 (78.8) | 911 (77.1) | 325 (77.2) | 663 (74.8) | 391 (78.7) | 828 (74.0) |
| Rural | 136 (21.3) | 271 (22.9) | 96 (22.8) | 224 (25.3) | 106 (21.3) | 291 (26.0) |
| Chronic disease | ||||||
| None | Omitted | Omitted | Omitted | Omitted | 113 (22.1) | 187 (15.6) |
| Heart/lung disease | coding | coding | coding | coding | 207 (40.5) | 538 (44.9) |
| Other chronic disease (kidney/gastrointestinal/spine/other) | difference | difference | difference | difference | 191 (37.4) | 473 (39.5) |
| Lives alone | ||||||
| Yes | 30 (4.8) | 170 (14.5) | 31 (7.4) | 170 (19.2) | 32 (6.4) | 260 (23.2) |
| No | 601 (95.3) | 999 (85.5) | 390 (92.6) | 717 (80.8) | 465 (93.6) | 859 (76.8) |
| Region | ||||||
| Metropolitan (Moscow, St Petersburg) | 78 (11.9) | 142 (11.5) | 36 (8.1) | 94 (10.0) | 79 (15.5) | 200 (16.7) |
| Central, Central Black Earth | 153 (23.3) | 266 (21.5) | 93 (21.0) | 225 (24.0) | 86 (16.8) | 195 (16.3) |
| North, North West | 52 (7.9) | 83 (6.7) | 37 (8.4) | 78 (8.3) | 31 (6.1) | 79 (6.6) |
| Volga Vaytski, Volga Basin | 109 (16.6) | 184 (14.9) | 90 (20.3) | 136 (14.5) | 87 (17.0) | 183 (15.3) |
| North Caucasian | 72 (11.0) | 150 (12.1) | 53 (12.0) | 107 (11.4) | 71 (13.9) | 128 (10.7) |
| Ural | 93 (14.2) | 170 (13.8) | 53 (12.0) | 108 (11.5) | 77 (15.1) | 160 (13.4) |
| Western Siberian | 49 (7.5) | 139 (11.3) | 46 (10.4) | 97 (10.3) | 46 (9.0) | 129 (10.8) |
| Eastern Siberian and Far Eastern | 51 (7.8) | 102 (8.3) | 35 (7.9) | 93 (9.9) | 34 (6.7) | 124 (10.4) |
| Employment category | ||||||
| Employed | 347 (53.1) | 494 (40.0) | 206 (46.5) | 336 (35.9) | 227 (44.4) | 425 (35.5) |
| Student – school or higher education | 7 (1.1) | 23 (1.9) | 11 (2.5) | 22 (2.4) | 11 (2.2) | 26 (2.2) |
| Retired, not working | 57 (8.7) | 40 (3.2) | 34 (7.7) | 37 (4.0) | 51 (10.0) | 36 (3.0) |
| Disabled, not working | 538 (43.5) | 162 (36.6) | 431 (46.0) | 173 (33.9) | 578 (48.3) | 200 (30.6) |
| Maternity/childcare care | 71 (5.7) | 0 (0.0) | 54 (5.8) | 0 (0.0) | 69 (5.8) | 2 (0.3) |
| Unemployed | 52 (4.2) | 23 (5.2) | 40 (4.3) | 39 (7.6) | 42 (3.5) | 28 (4.3) |
| Other | 18 (1.5) | 7 (1.6) | 17 (1.8) | 10 (2.0) | 22 (1.8) | 12 (1.8) |
| Compulsory medical insurance | ||||||
| Yes | 423 (45.6) | 370 (76.6) | 790 (79.2) | 485 (94.9) | 1175 (98.1) | 233 (46.6) |
| No | 504 (54.4) | 113 (23.4) | 207 (20.8) | 26 (5.1) | 23 (1.9) | 267 (53.4) |
| Illness treated by health worker or self | ||||||
| Health worker | 903 (80.7) | 377 (88.1) | 739 (83.5) | 373 (80.4) | 924 (81.8) | 468 (82.8) |
| Self | 216 (19.3) | 51 (11.9) | 146 (16.5) | 91 (19.6) | 206 (18.2) | 97 (17.2) |
| Mean (SD) No. of obs | ||||||
| No. household consumer goodsa (0–5) | 2.2 (1.3) 657 | 1.9 (1.3) 1236 | 2.5 (1.4) 443 | 2.2 (1.4) 938 | 2.8 (1.3) 511 | 2.4 (1.4) 1198 |
| Adult equivalent household incomeb (Roubles) | 4578 (3770) 631 | 4793 (4783) 1168 | 2746 (2397) 421 | 2739 (2795) 887 | 5384 (4432) 497 | 5195 (7046) 1119 |
aHousehold consumer goods: colour TV, VCR, car, washing machine, dacha.
bAdult equivalent household income = household income/square root of number of occupants.