Table 2.

Association of specific risk factors at baseline with subsequent rib fracture risk among 351 Rochester, Minnesota, women and 348 Rochester men.

Risk factor
	Women		Men
	Unadjusted	Adjusted for age	Unadjusted	Adjusted for age
	HR (95% CI)	HR (95% CI)	HR (95% CI)	HR (95% CI)
Age (per 10-year increase)	1.9 (1.5–2.4)***	—	1.5 (1.2–1.9)***	—
Prior osteoporotic fracture‡ (yes, no)	4.7 (2.3–9.5)***	2.2 (1.1–4.3)*	2.5 (0.8–7.6)	1.5 (0.5–4.4)
Prior rib fracture (yes, no)	5.1 (2.2–12)***	2.5 (1.2–5.3)*	2.1 (0.7–6.3)	1.2 (0.4–3.6)
Alcohol consumption (yes, no)	1.6 (0.6–4.4)	2.7 (0.98–7.3)	0.8 (0.2–3.4)	0.9 (0.2–4.4)
Heavy alcohol use (yes, no)	2.6 (1.01–6.5)*	2.0 (0.7–5.9)	2.8 (1.2–6.8)*	2.1 (0.9–4.7)
Cigarette smoking (yes, no)	1.4 (0.7–3.0)	2.2 (1.04–4.7)*	1.9 (0.8–4.4)	1.5 (0.7–3.5)
Body mass index (per unit increase)	0.9 (0.9–1.01)	0.9 (0.8–1.01)	1.0 (0.9–1.1)	1.0 (0.9–1.1)
Physical activity (per SD decrease)	2.3 (1.3–3.8)**	1.2 (0.7–2.1)	2.1 (1.4–3.4)***	1.5 (0.8–2.8)
Risk factors for 2° osteoporosis (yes, no)	4.1 (1.9–8.6)***	2.1 (0.98–4.5)	2.2 (0.98–5.0)	1.2 (0.5–2.9)
Risk factors for falling (yes, no)	5.6 (1.4–23)*	2.1 (0.5–8.3)	1.7 (0.8–3.9)	0.7 (0.3–1.9)
Any fall in past year (yes, no)	0.7 (0.3–1.4)	1.0 (0.5–2.0)	0.8 (0.3–1.8)	1.1 (0.4–2.7)
Femoral neck BMD (per 1 SD decrease)	3.1 (2.1–4.7)***	1.7 (1.05–2.9)*	1.4 (0.9–2.1)	1.0 (0.7–1.6)
Lumbar spine BMD (per 1 SD decrease)	1.9 (1.3–2.9)**	1.2 (0.8–1.9)	1.0 (0.6–1.8)	1.0 (0.7–1.6)
Ultradistal radius BMD (per 1 SD decrease)	2.9 (2.0–4.3)***	1.9 (1.2–3.2)*	1.4 (0.96–2.2)	1.1 (0.7–1.7)
Ribs BMD (per 1 SD decrease)	2.3 (1.2–4.6)*	1.1 (0.6–2.0)	1.5 (0.9–2.5)	1.1 (0.7–1.8)

***P < 0.001; **P < 0.01;*P < 0.05.

^‡Hip, spine, or wrist fracture due to only moderate trauma.