Table 1.

Autophagy-related kidney diseases.

Species and methods to monitor autophagy	Disease model	Effects of autophagy	Reference
Sprague-Dawley rats, immunohistochemistry of LC3 and Western blotting of LC3-II	Cyclosporine A-induced nephrotoxicity	Protection against tubular cell death	[80]
C57BL/6 mice, EM, and Western blotting of LC3-II	Cisplatin injury	Protection against tubular cell death	[30]
C57BL/6 mice, EM, immunofluorescence of LC3, and Western blotting of LC3-II	Aging	Protection against aging and hypoxia-related tubular damage	[26]
GFP-LC3 mice	Cisplatin injury	Protection against tubular cell death	[31]
C57BL/6 mice, EM, and Western blotting of LC3-II with 3-MA and chloroquine	Ischemia reperfusion	Protection against tubular cell death	[28]
Proximal tubular epithelial cell-specific Atg5-deficient mice	Ischemia reperfusion	Protection against tubular cell death	[29]
Podocyte-specific Atg5-deficient mice	Aging, protein overload-, LPS-, PAN-, and adriamycin-induced glomerular injury	Protection against podocyte injury	[27]

EM: electron microscopy; GFP: green fluorescent protein; 3-MA: 3-methladenine; Atg: autophagy-related genes; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; PAN: puromycin aminonucleoside.