Table 5.
Characteristic | OR (95% CI) | P-value |
---|---|---|
Patient | ||
Age (for 1 year increase) | 1.04 (1.01–1.07) | .0019 |
Female sex | 0.99 (0.70–1.42) | .98 |
Race (White is reference group) | .19 | |
African American | 1.82 (0.81–4.10) | |
Hispanic | 1.92 (0.97–3.80) | |
Asian/Pac Isl | 2.02 (0.73–5.57) | |
Others | 1.53 (0.56–4.22) | |
Admission type (routine vs birth and others) | 0.56 (0.19–1.58) | .27 |
Primary payer (Medicare is reference group) | .017 | |
Medicaid | 1.24 (0.50–3.08) | |
Private insurance/HMO | 0.48 (0.27–0.87) | |
Self-pay | 0.29 (0.036–2.36) | |
No charge/other | 0.50 (0.13–1.83) | |
Median income | .39 | |
1 (reference group) | 1 | |
2 | 0.82 (0.45–1.46) | |
3 | 0.87 (0.53–1.44) | |
4 | 0.64 (0.39–1.09) | |
Hospital bed size (large vs small or medium) | 1.09 (0.71–1.67) | .70 |
High surgeon volume (≥3 surgeries per year) | 0.30 (0.20–0.45) | <.0001 |