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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Oct 23.

Published in final edited form as: Pain Med. 2008 Nov;9(8):1035–1049. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2008.00533.x

Table 4.

Sociodemographic and health characteristics of 3-month segments classified as sustained improved pain and worsened pain

Predictor Variables	Improved Pain		Worsened Pain
Predictor Variables	Yes (N = 306)	No (N = 1320)	Yes (N = 234)	No (N = 1703)
Gender—female (%)	53.1	54.8	55.8	46.8^***
Race—white (%)	43.8	46.3	45.7	44.4
Self-rated health—excellent or very good (%)	29.5	21.5^***	26.1	38.9^***
M1 pain score
Little-moderate bother (%)	47.7	60.9^***	51.7	48.1
Worsened conditions
One or more (%)	11.1	19.0^***	19.7	8.9^***
Improved conditions
One or more (%)	24.5	19.7	21.4	21.5
Baseline medical conditions (range 0–10)	2.2	2.4^*	2.3	2.0^***
M1 GDS score (mean) range (0–15)	1.9	2.8^***	2.1	1.3^***
Physical function (mean) (range 0–24)	3.6	5.4^***	4.6	2.5^***

^*

P ≤ 0.5;

^**

P ≤ 0.01;

^***

P ≤ 0.001.

GDS = Geriatric Depression Scale.