Table 4.
Low Symptoms | Inattention | Normative Symptoms | ADHD | ADHD+hyper | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (standard deviation) | |||||
Males (percentage) | 45.22 | 53.97 | 59.40 | 63.37 | 82.19** |
Age | 12.49(3.14)a | 12.43(3)a | 11.77(2.98)a | 10.81(2.89)b | 9.90(2.28)b** |
Psychopathology | |||||
Anxiety/depression | 2.07(2.21)a | 3.93(3.54)b | 4.60(3.86) | 4.66(3.36)b | 5.12(3.97)b** |
Withdrawal/depression | 1.80(2.37) | 2.82(2.94) | 2.80(2.75) | 2.3(2.71) | 2.58(2.98) |
Somatic complaints | 1.11(1.78)a | 2.68(3.47)b | 2.32(2.31) | 2.79(3.26)b | 2.09(2.27)b** |
Social problems | 1.32(1.86)a | 2.73(2.55) | 3.15(2.93) | 4.77(3.58)b | 5.33(3.95)b** |
Rule-breaking | .98(1.46)a | 2.61(2.28) | 3.31(3.35) | 5.28(3.62)b | 4.91(3.48)b** |
Aggression | 2.26(3.59)a | 6.48(5.31) | 7.33(5.36) | 11.98(6.66)b | 12.12(8.53)b** |
Cognitive Control | |||||
Trails A Time | 22.71(.89)a | 28.83(1.42)b | 23.82(.96)a | 26.46(1.12)a | 26.19(1.30)a** |
Trails B Time | 49.96(28.54)a | 57.62(32.71) | 58.26(45.53) | 59.19(44.99) | 67.56(54.23)b |
Trails B Errors | .44(.10)a | .67(.17) a | .60(.11) a | .65(.13)a | 1.11(.15)b* |
SSRT | 243.46(96.91)a | 304.54(167.57)a | 295.05(140.14)a | 332.03(152.99)b | 359.25(177.53)b** |
RT variability | 148.43(43.29)a | 167.87(55.85)a | 166.58(64.91)a | 192.41(66.63)b | 196.17(61.57)b** |
Traits | |||||
Neuroticism | 4.06(1.32)a | 4.70(1.36) | 4.43(1.28) | 4.58(1.22)b | 4.48(1.08)b* |
Extraversion | 5.37(1.13)a | 5.50(1.28) | 5.60(1.50) | 6.40(1.26)b | 6.63(1.25)b** |
Agreeableness | 6.92(1.03)a | 6.38(1.21) | 6.12(1.21) | 5.47(1.26)b | 5.47(1.30)b** |
Conscientiousness | 6.17(1.43)a | 4.21(1.62) | 4.57(1.39) | 3.96(1.33)b | 3.96(1.22)b** |
Effortful control | 3.46(.55)a | 2.78(.68) | 3.01(.69) | 2.71(.66)b | 2.61(.74)b** |
Reactive control | 5.10(.87)a | 4.68(1.05) | 4.67(1.07) | 3.71(.88)b | 3.53(.99)b** |
Resiliency | 6.02(.96)a | 5.47(.94) | 5.62(1.11) | 5.34(.97)b | 5.44(.99)b** |
Negative emotion | 3.76(1.28)a | 4.49(1.23) | 4.45(1.34) | 4.58(1.27)b | 4.80(1.17)b** |
Note.
p<.05;
p<.01, via chi-square or MANOVA. Subscripts indicate significant differences,