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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2011 Nov;39(8):1111–1123. doi: 10.1007/s10802-011-9538-y

Table 4.

Latent Profile External Validation and Correlates

Low Symptoms Inattention Normative Symptoms ADHD ADHD+hyper
Mean (standard deviation)
Males (percentage) 45.22 53.97 59.40 63.37 82.19**
Age 12.49(3.14)a 12.43(3)a 11.77(2.98)a 10.81(2.89)b 9.90(2.28)b**
Psychopathology
Anxiety/depression 2.07(2.21)a 3.93(3.54)b 4.60(3.86) 4.66(3.36)b 5.12(3.97)b**
Withdrawal/depression 1.80(2.37) 2.82(2.94) 2.80(2.75) 2.3(2.71) 2.58(2.98)
Somatic complaints 1.11(1.78)a 2.68(3.47)b 2.32(2.31) 2.79(3.26)b 2.09(2.27)b**
Social problems 1.32(1.86)a 2.73(2.55) 3.15(2.93) 4.77(3.58)b 5.33(3.95)b**
Rule-breaking .98(1.46)a 2.61(2.28) 3.31(3.35) 5.28(3.62)b 4.91(3.48)b**
Aggression 2.26(3.59)a 6.48(5.31) 7.33(5.36) 11.98(6.66)b 12.12(8.53)b**
Cognitive Control
Trails A Time 22.71(.89)a 28.83(1.42)b 23.82(.96)a 26.46(1.12)a 26.19(1.30)a**
Trails B Time 49.96(28.54)a 57.62(32.71) 58.26(45.53) 59.19(44.99) 67.56(54.23)b
Trails B Errors .44(.10)a .67(.17) a .60(.11) a .65(.13)a 1.11(.15)b*
SSRT 243.46(96.91)a 304.54(167.57)a 295.05(140.14)a 332.03(152.99)b 359.25(177.53)b**
RT variability 148.43(43.29)a 167.87(55.85)a 166.58(64.91)a 192.41(66.63)b 196.17(61.57)b**
Traits
Neuroticism 4.06(1.32)a 4.70(1.36) 4.43(1.28) 4.58(1.22)b 4.48(1.08)b*
Extraversion 5.37(1.13)a 5.50(1.28) 5.60(1.50) 6.40(1.26)b 6.63(1.25)b**
Agreeableness 6.92(1.03)a 6.38(1.21) 6.12(1.21) 5.47(1.26)b 5.47(1.30)b**
Conscientiousness 6.17(1.43)a 4.21(1.62) 4.57(1.39) 3.96(1.33)b 3.96(1.22)b**
Effortful control 3.46(.55)a 2.78(.68) 3.01(.69) 2.71(.66)b 2.61(.74)b**
Reactive control 5.10(.87)a 4.68(1.05) 4.67(1.07) 3.71(.88)b 3.53(.99)b**
Resiliency 6.02(.96)a 5.47(.94) 5.62(1.11) 5.34(.97)b 5.44(.99)b**
Negative emotion 3.76(1.28)a 4.49(1.23) 4.45(1.34) 4.58(1.27)b 4.80(1.17)b**

Note.

*

p<.05;

**

p<.01, via chi-square or MANOVA. Subscripts indicate significant differences,