Table 2.

Independent associations between low 25(OH)D level and clinically relevant covariates

Variable	25(OH)D <30 ng/ml
Age per 10-year increase	0.98 (0.95–1.02)
Male gender	1.32 (1.22–1.44)
African American race	1.81 (1.60–2.05)
eGFR (per 10 ml/min/1.73 m2 increase)	0.94 (0.90–0.97)
Diabetes	1.43 (1.30–1.57)
Hypertension	1.10 (0.96–1.25)
Hyperlipidemia	0.89 (0.81–0.98)
Coronary artery disease	1.13 (1.02–1.25)
Congestive heart failure	0.92 (0.79–1.09)
Season of vitamin D testing
Fall vs. summer	1.15 (1.04–1.27)
Winter vs. summer	1.24 (1.12–1.38)
Spring vs. summer	1.39 (1.25–1.55)
BMI
<18.5 kg/m2 vs. 18.5–24.9 kg/m2	0.96 (0.68–1.36)
25–29.9 kg/m2 vs. 18.5–24.9 kg/m2	1.31 (1.19–1.44)
30–34.9 kg/m2 vs. 18.5–24.9 kg/m2	1.90 (1.70–2.12)
35–39.9 kg/m2 vs. 18.5–24.9 kg/m2	2.31 (1.99–2.68)
≥40 kg/m2 vs. 18.5–24.9 kg/m2	2.99 (2.48–3.59)

Note: Analysis pertains to associations after CKD confirmation. Values shown are odds ratio (95% confidence interval). Model was additionally adjusted for the year of inclusion in the registry;

Abbreviations: 25(OH)D: 25-hydroxy vitamin D, eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate, BMI: body mass index