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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Oct 24.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Rev Neurol. 2010 Sep 14;6(10):551–559. doi: 10.1038/nrneurol.2010.130

Table 1.

Diabetes increases the risk of developing Alzheimer disease

Reference Patients (patients with diabetes/total number of patients) Relative risk*
Ott et al. (1999)138 692/6,370 1.9 (95% CI 1.2–3.1)
Brayne et al. (1998)139 25/376‡ OR 1.4 (95% CI 1.1–17.0)
Yoshitake et al. (1995)140 70/828 2.2 (95% CI 1.0–4.9)
Peila et al. (2002)98 900/2,574‡ 1.7 (95% CI 1.0–2.8)
MacKnight et al. (2002)19 503/5,574‡ 1.2 (95% CI 0.8–1.8)
Xu et al. (2004)141 114/1,301 HR 1.3 (95% CI 0.8–1.9)
Leibson et al. (1997)142 1455/75,000‡ SMR 1.6 (95% CI 1.3–2.0)
Luchsinger et al. (2005)143 231/1,138‡ HR 2.4 (95% CI 1.8–3.2)
Arvanitakis et al. (2004)144 27/824‡ HR 1.7 (95% CI 1.1–2.5)

Patients with probable type 2 diabetes have nearly a twofold higher risk of AD than individuals without diabetes.

*

Relative risk unless otherwise stated.

‡

Data represents number of patients at follow-up, all other data represent patient numbers at baseline.

Abbreviations: HR, hazard ratio; OR, odds ratio; SMR, standard morbidity ratio.