Table 5.
Individual, behavioural, psycho-social, and environmental correlates of mode shift
| Elementary | Secondary | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted OR | 95% CI | Adjusted OR | 95% CI | Unadjusted OR | 95% CI | Adjusted OR | 95% CI | |
| Socio- demographic | ||||||||
| Grade | ||||||||
| Grade 7 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | ||
| Grade 8 | 0.85 | 0.58-1.25 | 0.83 | 0.51-1.37 | - | - | - | - |
| Grade 9 | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | ||
| Grade 10 | - | - | - | - | 0.87 | 0.55-1.38 | 0.69 | 0.40-1.16 |
| Grade 11 | - | - | - | - | 1.11 | 0.68-1.81 | 0.93 | 0.50-1.73 |
| Grade 12 | - | - | - | - | 0.81 | 0.48-1.38 | 0.80 | 0.42-1. 52 |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Boys | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Girls | 0.98 | 0.63-1.54 | 0.83 | 0.44-1.58 | 0.96 | 0.67-1.37 | 0.70* | 0.49-1.00 |
| Weight status | ||||||||
| Normal weight | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Overweight/Obese | 1.67 | 0.97-2.87 | 1.11 | 0.62-2.00 | 0.91 | 0.62-1.32 | 0.74 | 0.45-1.21 |
| Parent born abroad | ||||||||
| Both/one parent born in Canada | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Both born abroad | 1.76* | 1.05-2.98 | 1.35 | 0.71-2.55 | ||||
| Behavioural | ||||||||
| MVPA | ||||||||
| 0-4 day/wk | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| ≥5 days/wk | 0.79 | 0.43-1.44 | 0.99 | 0.44-2.20 | 1.05 | 0.72-1.55 | 0.84 | 0.55-1.28 |
| Part-time job | ||||||||
| Did not work outside home | - | 1 | 1 | |||||
| 1-5 hours/wk | - | - | 0.73 | 0.42-1.29 | 1.06 | 0.58-1.92 | ||
| ≥6 hours/wk | - | - | 0.68* | 0.47-0.99 | 0.71 | 0.45-1.12 | ||
| Psychological | ||||||||
| Perceived physical health | ||||||||
| Fair/poor | 1 | 1 | - | |||||
| Excellent/very good/good | 2.86** | 1.42-5.76 | 2.97* | 1.00-8.81 | - | - | ||
| Decision-making on mode choice | ||||||||
| Never/rarely/sometimes | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Often/always | 3.00*** | 1.81-4.96 | 2.43*** | 1.23-4.80 | 2.29*** | 1.64-3.20 | 2.42*** | 1.61-3.63 |
| Parents don't know where their children are in free time away from home | ||||||||
| Always/usually | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Sometimes/seldom/never | 2.64** | 1.46-4.77 | 1.87* | 1.00-3.49 | ||||
| Environmental | ||||||||
| Travelled to school | ||||||||
| 0-15 minutes | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| 16-30 minutes | 0.32* | 0.11-0.94 | 0.11*** | 0.03-0.40 | 0.38** | 0.21-0.67 | 0.16*** | 0.09-0.30 |
| ≥31 minutes | 0.32* | 0.11-0.95 | 0.07*** | 0.02-0.29 | 0.10*** | 0.03-0.27 | 0.03*** | 0.01-0.10 |
| Travelled from school | ||||||||
| 0-15 minutes | - | 1 | 1 | |||||
| 16-30 minutes | - | - | 1.79** | 1.23-2.60 | 4.32*** | 2.82-6.60 | ||
| ≥31 minutes | - | - | 1.87** | 1.23-2.85 | 10.49*** | 6.44-17.09 | ||
| Living in urban area | ||||||||
| Rural | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Urban | 3.79* | 1.14-12.60 | 3.58* | 1.00-12.90 | 5.60** | 1.97-15.89 | 3.24* | 1.18-8.85 |
| Regions | ||||||||
| Toronto | 1 | 1 | - | |||||
| North | 0.52 | 0.17-1.59 | 0.65 | 0.19-2.21 | - | - | ||
| West | 0.66 | 0.27-1.60 | 0.85 | 0.29-2.48 | - | - | ||
| East | 0.26** | 0.10-0.66 | 0.42 | 0.15-1.19 | - | - | ||
| Changing school in the last five years | ||||||||
| No | - | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Yes | - | - | 1.48* | 1.04-2.10 | 1.43 | 0.96-2.10 |
*** p < 0.001;** p < 0.01;* p < 0.05
OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval. The unadjusted and adjusted ORs and CIs of variables only included in the final models are reported in this table.