Table 2.
Analyses of the Quantitative Brain Measures for Patients with BBS and Healthy Controls
| Patients with BBS (n = 21) | Healthy Controls (n = 63) | Sex by Diagnostic Interaction | ||||||
| Adjusted Mean | Raw Mean | Adjusted Mean | Raw Mean | F* | p | F | p | |
| ICV (cm3) | 1,399.05 | 1,394.12 (109.14) | 1,396.66 | 1,393.70 (124.49) | 0.01 | 0.924 | 2.48 | 0.119 |
| Total Brain Tissue | 0.913 | 1,269.60 (122.95) | 0.948 | 1,321.96 (115.29) | 23.07 | <0.0001 | 0.97 | 0.327 |
| Gray Matter | 0.613 | 846.53 (88.11) | 0.608 | 849.51 (63.43) | 0.68 | 0.426 | 4.63 | 0.034 |
| White Matter | 0.299 | 423.06 (53.47) | 0.339 | 472.45 (66.86) | 42.37 | <0.0001 | 0.54 | 0.463 |
| CSF | 0.086 | 124.45 (51.27) | 0.051 | 71.73 (38.43) | 23.07 | <0.0001 | 0.97 | 0.327 |
| Surface CSF | 0.074 | 106.83 (48.07) | 0.042 | 59.20 (35.03) | 21.85 | <0.0001 | 1.09 | 0.299 |
| Ventricles | 0.012 | 17.62 (7.09) | 0.009 | 12.52 (9.21) | 4.15 | .0.450 | 0.00 | 0.952 |
| Cerebral Cortex | ||||||||
| Frontal | 0.197 | 267.92 (31.81) | 0.194 | 268.99 (20.00) | 0.55 | 0.461 | 5.31 | 0.023 |
| Temporal | 0.124 | 172.92 (17.86) | 0.125 | 175.02 (14.24) | 0.32 | 0.571 | 0.05 | 0.824 |
| Parietal | 0.104 | 143.85 (15.96) | 0.105 | 147.36 (12.35) | 0.36 | 0.551 | 0.73 | 0.395 |
| Occipital | 0.062 | 86.59 (9.73) | 0.055 | 77.95 (7.88) | 36.41 | <0.0001 | 0.01 | 0.913 |
| Cerebral White Matter | ||||||||
| Frontal | 0.107 | 151.99 (20.70) | 0.119 | 166.92 (24.59) | 23.77 | <0.0001 | 1.25 | 0.266 |
| Temporal | 0.042 | 60.02 (9.79) | 0.049 | 68.60 (10.69) | 39.36 | <0.0001 | 0.00 | 0.963 |
| Parietal | 0.069 | 97.75 (13.99) | 0.074 | 104.52 (15.67) | 10.62 | 0.0016 | 0.04 | 0.844 |
| Occipital | 0.017 | 25.25 (5.75) | 0.305 | 42.50 (9.31) | 163.30 | <0.0001 | 0.19 | 0.662 |
| Cerebellum | 0.105 | 145.77 (15.94) | 0.103 | 143.42 (13.06) | 1.93 | 0.168 | 0.49 | 0.487 |
| Caudate | 0.311 | 4.29 (0.58) | 0.338 | 4.73 (0.69) | 7.44 | 0.007 | 0.02 | 0.882 |
| Putamen | 0.776 | 10.68 (1.51) | 0.834 | 11.63 (1.29) | 7.34 | 0.008 | 1.53 | 0.220 |
| Thalamus | 0.846 | 11.79 (1.70) | 0.885 | 12.32 (1.18) | 4.77 | 0.032 | 2.22 | 0.139 |
*ANCOVA: controlling for age and sex; All brain measures (other than ICV) are expressed as volume/ICV ratios. For caudate, putamen and thalamus, measure is volume/ICV X100 (% of ICV).