Table 3.
Life support modalities withheld or withdrawn for patients who died in ED
| Modalities* | WH | WD |
|---|---|---|
| Endotracheal intubation | 0 | 0 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 29(16.4) | 1(0.6) |
| Antimicrobial therapy | 4(2.3) | 8(4.5) |
| Intravenous fluid expansion | 1(0.6) | 0 |
| Transfusion of blood products | 4(2.3) | 3(1.7) |
| Vasopressor and inotrops infusion | 15(8.5) | 13(7.3) |
| Cardiopulmonary resuscitation | 2(4.6) | 0 |
| Renal replacement therapy | 3(1.7) | 1(0.6) |
| Nutrition (enteral or parenteral) | 0 | 1(0.6) |
| Surgery | 14(8.4) | 0 |
*Several Life support modalities withheld or withdrawn can be used for the same patient.
WH: withholding; WD: withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment; ED: emergency departments.