Table 1.
Definitions and explanations for symbols and abbreviations.
| Symbol | Definition and explanation |
|---|---|
| a | Availability of individual hosts for attack: rate at which a single mosquito encounters and then attacks a given single host or pseudo-host [24]. |
| A | Total availability of hosts and pseudo hosts: rate at which a single mosquito encounters and attacks all hosts and pseudo hosts [24]. |
| bh | The mean number of bites upon humans per emerging mosquito during its lifetime [15,30]. |
| b | The mean number of bites upon all human and non-human hosts per emerging mosquito during its lifetime. |
| βh | The mean number of infectious, sporozoite-infected bites upon humans per emerging mosquito during its lifetime [15,30]. |
| β | The mean number of sporozoite-infected bites upon all hosts, regardless of their susceptibility to infection, per emerging mosquito during its lifetime. |
| c | Cattle [12,15,24,28,42]. |
| Ch | Crude coverage [12,15,24,28,42]: Proportion of people using LLIN as estimated in standardized malaria indicator surveys [82,83]. |
| Ch,p | Protective coverage: The proportion of all exposure of the human population which is effectively covered by LLIN use at times when that exposure actually occurs. |
| DDT | Dichloro-diphenyl-dicloroethylene [14]. |
| Δ | Probability that a mosquito which encounters a host will be diverted from that host [12,15,24]. |
| ε | Host-encounter rate: rate at which a single host-seeking mosquito encounters a given single hosts [12,15,24,28,42]. |
| E | Emergence rate of mosquito vectors per year [12,15,24,28]. |
| EIR | Entomological inoculation rate (mean number of infectious bites that an average individual human receives per year) [84-87]. |
| ϕ | Probability that a mosquito which attacks a host will successfully feed upon that host [12,15,24,28,42]. |
| f | Feeding cycle length: measured as the number of days it takes a single mosquito to get from one blood feed to the next [12,15,24,28]. |
| g | Gestation interval: number of days a mosquito takes to digest a blood meal and return to searching for oviposition site [12,15,24,28]. |
| h or c | Humans or cattle, respectively [12,15,24,28,42]. |
| IRS | Indoor residual spraying [10,49] |
| κ | Human infectiousness to mosquitoes: probability of a vector becoming infected per human bite [29,30,88,89]. |
| LLIN | Long-lasting insecticidal net [90] |
| λ | Relative availability for attack of a given non-human host type, calculated as quotient of the mean individual attack availability of those hosts divided by the mean individual attack availability of humans not using LLINs [24]. |
| μ | Probability that a mosquito which attacks a host will die during the attack [12,15,24]. |
| ηo | Oviposition site-seeking interval: number of days a mosquito takes to find an oviposition site once it starts searching for it [12,15,24,28]. |
| ηv | Host-seeking interval: number of days a mosquito takes to find and attack a vertebrate host [12,15,24,28]. |
| net or 0 | LLIN user or non-user, respectively |
| N | Number of hosts [12,15,24,28]. |
| θΔ | Excess proportion of mosquitoes which are diverted while attempting to attack a human while using an LLIN [24]. |
| θμ | Excess proportion of mosquitoes which are killed while attacking a human while that person is using an LLIN [24]. |
| θμ,pre | Excess proportion of mosquitoes which are killed before blood feeding while attacking a human while using an LLIN. |
| θμ,post | Excess proportion of mosquitoes which are killed after blood feeding while attacking a human while that person is using an LLIN. |
| Ω or 0 | Intervention package scenarios consisting of a specific coverage with LLINs with specific deterrent and toxic properties, with 0 denoting baseline conditions with negligible net coverage, simulated by setting Ch = 0.001 [24]. |
| πi | The proportion of normal exposure to mosquito bites upon humans lacking LLINs, which occurs indoors at times when nets would normally be in use [25-27,37]. |
| p or u | Specifies values of parameters for humans while actually using and protected by an LLIN, or those which are unprotected who do not use or are outside of their nets, respectively. |
| P | Probability that a resting mosquito survives any one day [15,91]. |
| Pf | Probability that a mosquito survives a single complete feeding cycle [12,15,24,28,30]. |
| Pov | Probability that a mosquito survives any full day of the oviposition site-seeking interval or host-seeking interval [12,15,24]. |
| Qh | Human blood index: the proportion of all blood meals from all hosts which are obtained from humans [12,15,24,28,30]. |
| γ | Probability that a mosquito attacks an encountered host [12,15,24]. |
| ψ | Relative exposure of different hosts other than unprotected humans to infectious mosquito bites: calculated as a ratio of exposure of those hosts to exposure of humans not using nets [24]. |
| WHO | World Health Organization |
| z | Availability of blood from an individual host: rate at which a single mosquito encounters, attacks and successfully feeds upon a given single host [24] |
| Z,Zh,Zc | Total availability of blood from all hosts, all humans and all cattle, respectively: rate at which a single mosquito encounters, attacks and successfully feeds upon these host sets [24] |
| Za | Total availability of aquatic habitats: rate at which a single mosquito encounters and successfully oviposits into all aquatic habitats |